Isingeniso

Ukuphehlwa kwamandla e-Biomass wubuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-biomass enkulu kunazo zonke futhi evuthiwe.I-China inothe ngezinsiza ze-biomass,

ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa imfucuza yezolimo, imfucuza yamahlathi, ubulongwe bemfuyo, imfucuza yasekhaya yasemadolobheni, amanzi angcolile aphilayo kanye nezinsalela zemfucuza.Isamba

inani lemithombo ye-biomass engasetshenziswa njengamandla minyaka yonke lilingana namathani ayizigidi ezingama-460 zamalahle ajwayelekile.Ngo-2019, i-

umthamo ofakiwe wokuphehlwa kukagesi we-biomass emhlabeni wonke ukhule usuka ku-131 million kilowatts ngo-2018 wafinyelela cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-139, okuwukunyuka

cishe u-6%.Ukuphehlwa kukagesi minyaka yonke kukhuphuke kusuka ku-546 billion kWh ngo-2018 kuya ku-591 billion kWh ngo-2019, nokukhuphuka cishe ngo-9%.

ikakhulukazi e-EU nase-Asia, ikakhulukazi e-China.Uhlelo lweminyaka eyi-13 lwaseChina lwe-Biomass Energy Development luphakamisa ukuthi ngo-2020, ingqikithi

amandla afakiwe okukhiqiza amandla e-biomass kufanele afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-15, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngonyaka kufanele kufinyelele ku-90 billion.

amahora we-kilowatt.Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2019, amandla e-China afakiwe okukhiqiza amandla e-bio asenyuke esuka kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-17.8 ngo-2018

ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-22.54, nokuphehlwa kukagesi ngonyaka okwedlula ama-kilowatt amabhiliyoni ayi-111, okudlula izinjongo zoHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-13.

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukugxila kokukhula kwamandla okukhiqiza amandla e-biomass yaseChina ukusebenzisa imfucuza yezolimo neyamahlathi kanye nemfucumfucu yasemadolobheni.

ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa ukunikeza amandla nokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo lwakamuva lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1970s.Ngemva kokugqashuka kwenkinga kagesi emhlabeni, iDenmark namanye amazwe asentshonalanga aqala

sebenzisa amandla e-biomass njengotshani ukukhiqiza amandla.Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass buye bathuthukiswa ngamandla

futhi yasetshenziswa eYurophu nase-United States.Phakathi kwabo, Denmark wenze impumelelo ephawulekayo kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni

ukukhiqiza amandla e-biomass.Selokhu kwakhiwe indawo yokuqala yokuphehla utshani futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1988, iDenmark isidale.

izitshalo zamandla e-biomass ezingaphezu kwe-100 kuze kube manje, zibe uphawu lokuthuthukiswa kokuphehlwa kwamandla e-biomass emhlabeni.Ngaphezu kwalokho,

Amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nawo enze inqubekelaphambili ethile ekushiseni okuqondile kwe-biomass kusetshenziswa i-rice husk, i-bagasse nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass yaseChina kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990.Ngemva kokungena ekhulwini lama-21, ngokwethula izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zokusekela i

ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass, inani kanye nesabelo samandla sezitshalo zamandla e-biomass ziyakhula unyaka nonyaka.Kumongo we

ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezidingo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass kunganciphisa ngempumelelo i-CO2 nokunye ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolile,

futhi ngisho nokufeza ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuyiziro, ngakho-ke isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo lwabacwaningi eminyakeni yamuva.

Ngokomgomo wokusebenza, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass bungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omlilo oqondile

ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla okuhlanganisa amandla omlilo.

Empeleni, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuvutha okuqondile kwe-biomass kufana kakhulu ne-boiler-fired power thermal power generation, okungukuthi, uphethiloli we-biomass.

(imfucuza yezolimo, imfucuza yamahlathi, imfucumfucu yasekhaya yasemadolobheni, njll.) ithunyelwa kubhayela olungele ukushiswa kwe-biomass, kanye namakhemikhali.

Amandla kuphethiloli we-biomass aguqulwa abe amandla angaphakathi ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nesitimu esinomfutho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa amandla okushisa aphezulu.

inqubo, futhi iguqulwa ibe amandla kagesi ngomjikelezo wamandla esitimu, Ekugcineni, amandla emishini aguqulwa abe ugesi.

amandla ngejeneretha.

I-biomass gasification yokukhiqiza amandla ibandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: (1) i-biomass gasification, pyrolysis kanye ne-gasification ye-biomass ngemva kokuchotshozwa,

ukomisa nokunye ukwelashwa kwangaphambili ngaphansi kwemvelo yokushisa okuphezulu ukukhiqiza amagesi aqukethe izinto ezivuthayo ezifana ne-CO, CH₄futhi

H ₂;(2) Ukuhlanzwa kwegesi: igesi evuthayo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanza igesi yethulwa ohlelweni lokuhlanza ukususa ukungcola okunjengomlotha,

i-coke netiyela, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ze-inlet zemishini yokuphehla ugesi engaphansi komfula;(3) Ukushiswa kwegesi kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi.

Igesi evuthayo ehlanziwe yethulwa enjinini yegesi noma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ukuze ivuse futhi ikhiqize amandla, noma ingethulwa

kubhayela ukuze kushiswe, futhi isitimu sokushisa esiphezulu esikhiqiziwe nesinomfutho ophezulu sisetshenziselwa ukushayela i-steam turbine ukukhiqiza amandla.

Ngenxa yemithombo ye-biomass ehlakazekile, ukuminyana kwamandla aphansi kanye nokuqoqwa nokuthutha okunzima, ukushiswa okuqondile kwe-biomass ukukhiqiza amandla

incike kakhulu ekusimameni nasekumeni komnotho wokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokuphehla ugesi we-biomass.Amandla ahambisana ne-biomass

ukukhiqizwa kuyindlela yokukhiqiza amandla esebenzisa uphethiloli we-biomass esikhundleni samanye amafutha (imvamisa amalahle) ekushiseni.Ithuthukisa ukuguquguquka

kaphethiloli we-biomass futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle, eqaphela i-CO₂ukuncishiswa kokungcola kwamayunithi wamandla ashisayo abaswa ngamalahle.Njengamanje, i-biomass ihlangene

ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa: amandla omlilo axubile ahlangene ahambisana nobuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla, amandla omlilo ahlangene angaqondile

ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi obuhambisana nomusi.

1. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla omlilo we-Biomass ngqo

Ngokusekelwe kusethi yamanje ye-biomass eqondile ye-generator, ngokusho kwezinhlobo zesithando somlilo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yobunjiniyela, zingahlukaniswa kakhulu.

kubuchwepheshe bokuvutha obufakwe izingqimba kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvutha obuketshezi [2].

Ukushiswa okufakwe isendlalelo kusho ukuthi uphethiloli ulethwa ku-grate engashintshi noma ehambayo, futhi umoya wethulwa kusukela phansi kwe-grate ukuze uqhube.

ukusabela komlilo ngokusebenzisa isendlalelo sikaphethiloli.Ubuchwepheshe bokuvutha obunezingqimba obumele ukwethulwa kwe-grate yokudlidliza epholile ngamanzi

ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswe yiNkampani ye-BWE eDenmark, kanye nesikhungo sokuqala samandla e-biomass e-China - I-Shanxian Power Plant esifundazweni saseShandong

yakhiwa ngo-2006. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe komlotha ophansi kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuvutha kukaphethiloli we-biomass, amapuleti e-grate alimala kalula ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile kanye

ukupholisa okubi.Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-grate yokudlidliza epholile ngamanzi yisakhiwo sayo esikhethekile kanye nemodi yokupholisa, exazulula inkinga ye-grate.

ukushisa ngokweqile.Ngokwethulwa kanye nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe be-grate epholile amanzi e-Danish, amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya angenise

ubuchwepheshe bokushiswa kwe-biomass grate obunamalungelo empahla yobuhlakani ezimele ngokufunda nokugaya, okufakwe endaweni enkulu.

ukusebenza.Abakhiqizi abamele bahlanganisa i-Shanghai Sifang Boiler Factory, i-Wuxi Huaguang Boiler Co., Ltd., njll.

Njengobuchwepheshe bokusha obubonakala ngokugcwala kwezinhlayiya eziqinile, ubuchwepheshe bokushiswa kombhede obumanzi bunezinzuzo eziningi phezu kombhede.

ubuchwepheshe bokushisa ekushiseni i-biomass.Okokuqala, kunezinto eziningi zombhede we-inert embhedeni omanzi, onamandla okushisa aphezulu futhi

eqinileukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuphethiloli we-biomass onamanzi amaningi;Okwesibili, ukushisa okusebenzayo nokudluliswa kwenqwaba yengxube eqinile yegesi ku-fluidized

umbhede uvumelauphethiloli we-biomass okufanele ushiswe ngokushesha ngemva kokungena esithandweni.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impahla yombhede enamandla okushisa aphezulu ingaba

gcina isithando somliloizinga lokushisa, qinisekisa ukuzinza kokuvutha lapho ushisa inani eliphansi le-calorific uphethiloli we-biomass, futhi ube nezinzuzo ezithile

ekulungisweni komthwalo weyunithi.Ngokusekelwa kohlelo lukazwelonke lokusekela isayensi nobuchwepheshe, iNyuvesi yaseTsinghua ithuthukise i-“Biomass

I-Boiler Ejikelezayo Yombhede EnoketsheziUbuchwepheshe obunamapharamitha aphezulu we-Steam”, futhi buthuthukise ngempumelelo i-125 MW ultra-high.

ingcindezi uma ishisa kabusha i-biomass ejikelezayoubhayela wombhede omanzi ngalobu buchwepheshe, kanye neqondo lokushisa lokuqala elingu-130 t/h kanye nengcindezi ephezulu

ubhayela wombhede ojikelezayo oshisa utshani bombila.

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alkali yensimbi kanye ne-chlorine ku-biomass, ikakhulukazi imfucumfucu yezolimo, kunezinkinga ezinjengomlotha, i-slagging.

nokugqwalaendaweni yokushisa ephezulu yokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yomlilo.Imingcele ye-steam yama-boilers we-biomass ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe

aphakathi kakhuluizinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi ephakathi nendawo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla akuphezulu.Umnotho we-biomass layer uxoshwe ngokuqondile

imikhawulo yokukhiqiza amandlaukukhula kwayo okunempilo.

2. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-Biomas gasification

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okwenziwa kwegesi ye-biomass kusebenzisa iziphehlisi ezikhethekile zokuguqula umoya ukuguqula imfucumfucu ye-biomass, okuhlanganisa izinkuni, utshani, utshani, i-bagasse, njll.,

phakathiigesi evuthayo.Igesi evuthayo ekhiqiziwe ithunyelwa ezinjinini zegesi noma ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ukuze ziphehlwe amandla ngemva kothuli.

ukususwa kanyeukususwa kwe-coke nezinye izinqubo zokuhlanza [3].Njengamanje, ama-reactors e-gasification avame ukusetshenziswa angahlukaniswa abe umbhede ongashintshi

ama-gasifiers, ama-fluidizedama-gasifiers ombhede kanye nama-gasifiers agelezayo ahlanganisiwe.Ku-gasifier yombhede ongashintshi, umbhede wezinto ezibonakalayo uzinzile, futhi ukomisa, i-pyrolysis,

i-oxidation, ukunciphisanokunye ukusabela kuzoqedwa ngokulandelana, futhi ekugcineni kuguqulwe kube igesi yokwenziwa.Ngokomehluko wokugeleza

isiqondiso phakathi kwe-gasifierkanye negesi yokwenziwa, izishicileli zombhede ezingashintshi zinezinhlobo ezintathu: ukumunca ukuya phezulu (ukugeleza kwekhawunta), ukudonsa phansi (kuya phambili

flow) kanye nokumunca okuvundlileamagesi.I-fluidized bed gasifier yenziwe ngegumbi lokufaka umoya kanye nomsabalalisi womoya.I-ejenti efaka igesi

ifakwe ngokulinganayo ku-gasifierngokusebenzisa umsabalalisi womoya.Ngokwezici ezihlukahlukene zokugeleza okuqinile kwegesi, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukugwedla

i-fluidized bed gasifier futhi iyazungezai-fluidized bed gasifier.I-ejenti yokufaka umoya (i-oksijeni, isitimu, njll.) kumbhede ogelezayo ohlanganisiwe ifaka i-biomass

izinhlayiya futhi ifuthwe esithandweningokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho.Izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ezinhle ziyahlakazwa futhi zimiswe ekugelezeni kwegesi enesivinini esikhulu.Ngaphansi phezulu

izinga lokushisa, izinhlayiya zikaphethiloli ezinhle zisabela ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhoukuxhumana nomoya-mpilo, ukukhulula ukushisa okuningi.Izinhlayiya eziqinile zifakwa i-pyrolyzed ngokushesha futhi zifakwe umoya

ukukhiqiza igesi yokwenziwa kanye ne-slag.Okokuthuthukiswa okulungisiwei-gasifier yombhede, okuqukethwe kwetiyela kugesi yokuhlanganiswa kuphezulu.I-downdraft fixed bed gasifier

inesakhiwo esilula, ukudla okulula nokusebenza kahle.

Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, itiyela elikhiqizwe lingaqhekeka ngokuphelele libe yigesi evuthayo, kodwa izinga lokushisa lokukhipha igesi liphezulu.I-fluidized

umbhedeI-gasifier inezinzuzo zokusabela okusheshayo kwe-gasification, ukuthintana okufanayo kwegesi okuqinile esithandweni kanye nezinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo lokuphendula, kodwa

imishiniisakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi, okuqukethwe komlotha kugesi yokuhlanganiswa kuphezulu, futhi uhlelo lokuhlanzwa komfula ludingeka kakhulu.I

i-gasifier yokugeleza okufakiweinezidingo eziphakeme zokwelashwa kwangaphambili futhi kufanele ichotshozwe zibe yizinhlayiya ezinhle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto zingakwazi

sabela ngokuphelele ngesikhashana njeisikhathi sokuhlala.

Lapho isilinganiso sokuphehlwa kwegesi ye-biomass sisincane, umnotho muhle, izindleko ziphansi, futhi ilungele ukude nokuhlakazekile.

izindawo zasemakhaya,okubaluleke kakhulu ukwenezela ukunikezwa kwamandla eChina.Inkinga enkulu okufanele ixazululwe yitiyela elikhiqizwa yi-biomass

ukufakwa kwegesi.Lapho i-itiyela legesi elikhiqizwe ohlelweni lokufakwa kwegesi liyapholiswa, lizokwenza itiyela eliwuketshezi, elizovimba ipayipi futhi lithinte

ukusebenza okuvamile kwamandlaimishini yokukhiqiza.

3. I-Biomass ehambisana nobuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla

Izindleko zikaphethiloli zokushiswa kwemfucuza yezolimo nezamahlathi kuphehlwa ugesi yinkinga enkulu ekhawulela amandla e-biomass

isizukulwaneimboni.Iyunithi yokuphehla amandla e-biomass direct fired inamandla amancane, imingcele ephansi kanye nomnotho ophansi, okubuye kube nomkhawulo

ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass.I-Biomass ehambisana nokushiswa kukaphethiloli wemithombo eminingi kuyindlela yokunciphisa izindleko.Njengamanje, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa

izindleko zikaphethiloli ziyi-biomass namalahleukukhiqiza amandla.Ngo-2016, izwe lakhipha Imibono Eqondisayo mayelana nokuxoshwa kwamalahle kanye ne-Biomass.

Coupled Power Generation, okuyinto kakhuluikhuthaze ucwaningo kanye nokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi obuhambisana ne-biomass.Kwakamuva

iminyaka, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass kuyekwenziwe ngcono kakhulu ngokuguqulwa kwezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle ezikhona,

ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ahlanganiswe namalahle, kanyeizinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zamayunithi amakhulu aphehla ugesi ngamalahle ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu

kanye nokungcola okuncane.Umzila wezobuchwepheshe ungahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

(1) ukuhlangana okuqondile komlilo ngemva kokuchotshozwa/ukubhodloza, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zokusha kwesigayo esifanayo nesishisi esifanayo, esihlukile

izigayo ngeumshini wokushisa ofanayo, nezigayo ezahlukene ezinezimbawula ezihlukahlukene;(2) Ukuhlangana komlilo okungaqondile ngemuva kokufakwa kwegesi, i-biomass ikhiqiza

igesi evuthayo ngokusebenzisainqubo ye-gasification bese ingena esithandweni somlilo;(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-steam ngemva kokusha kwe-biomass ekhethekile

ibhayela.I-Direct combustion coupling iyindlela yokusebenzisa engasetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, ngokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okufushane.

umjikelezo.Lapho i-Isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa asiphezulu, ukucutshungulwa kukaphethiloli, ukugcinwa, ukubekelwa phansi, ukufana kokugeleza kanye nomthelela wako ekuphepheni kwebhayili nomnotho.

okubangelwa ukushisa kwe-biomasszixazululwe ngobuchwepheshe noma zalawulwa.Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa ukuvutha okungaqondile buphatha i-biomass namalahle

ngokwehlukana, okuyinto evumelana nezimo kakhuluizinhlobo ze-biomass, zisebenzisa i-biomass encane ngeyunithi ngayinye yokuphehla amandla, futhi yonga uphethiloli.Ingakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga

izinkinga ze-alkali metal corrosion kanye ne-boiler coking ininqubo yokushiswa okuqondile kwe-biomass ngezinga elithile, kodwa iphrojekthi inobuthakathaka

i-scalability futhi ayifanele ama-boilers amakhulu.Emazweni angaphandle,imodi eqondile yokuhlanganisa amandla omlilo isetshenziswa kakhulu.Njengongaqondile

Imodi yomlilo inokwethenjelwa kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omlilo okungaqondile okuhlanganisa amandlaokusekelwe ku-circulating fluidized bed gasification okwamanje

ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili bokusetshenziswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuhlanganisa i-biomass eChina.Ngo-2018,I-Datang Changshan Power Plant, yezwe

Iyunithi yokuqala yokuqala engu-660MW ephehla ugesi wamalahle ehambisana nokukhiqiza amandla kagesi angama-20MWiphrojekthi yokubonisa, ezuzwe a

impumelelo ephelele.Le phrojekthi yamukela i-biomass ethuthukisiwe ejikelezayo yokufakwa kwegesi yombhede ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisweukukhiqiza amandla

inqubo, edla amathani ayi-100000 otshani be-biomass minyaka yonke, ifinyelela amahora angama-kilowatt ayizigidi eziyi-110 wokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass,

yonga amathani angama-40000 wamalahle ajwayelekile, futhi yehlisa cishe amathani ayi-140000 e-CO₂.

Ukuhlaziywa kanye nethuba lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass

Ngokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yaseChina kanye nemakethe yokuhweba nge-carbon emission, kanye nokuqaliswa okuqhubekayo

yenqubomgomo yokweseka ukuphehlwa kwamandla kagesi ahambisana namalahle, i-biomass ehambisana nobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle buletha okuhle

amathuba okuthuthukisa.Ukuphathwa okungenangozi kwemfucuza yezolimo neyamahlathi kanye nemfucuza yasekhaya yasemadolobheni bekulokhu kuwumgogodla we

izinkinga zemvelo zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni ohulumeni basekhaya okudingeka bazixazulule ngokushesha.Manje ilungelo lokuhlela lamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-biomass

idluliselwe kohulumeni basekhaya.Ohulumeni basekhaya bangahlanganisa i-biomass yezolimo nezamahlathi kanye nemfucuza yasekhaya yasemadolobheni ndawonye kuphrojekthi

ukuhlela ukukhuthaza amaphrojekthi adidiyelwe okuphehla ugesi.

Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bokushisa umlilo, ukhiye wokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni yokuphehla amandla e-biomass ukuthuthukiswa okuzimele,

ukuvuthwa kanye nokwenza ngcono kokusekela izinhlelo ezisizayo, njengokuqoqwa kukaphethiloli we-biomass, ukuchotshozwa, ukuhluza kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo,

ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-biomass fuel pretreatment kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuguquguquka kwesisetshenziswa esisodwa kumafutha amaningi we-biomass kuyisisekelo

ukuze kutholwe ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass esikhathini esizayo.

1. Ukukhiqiza amandla okuhlanganisa amalahle okuhlanganisa i-biomass

Umthamo wamayunithi okukhiqiza ugesi ocishwa ngokuqondile we-biomass ngokuvamile mancane (≤ 50MW), kanye namapharamitha ahambisanayo e-boiler steam nawo aphansi,

ngokuvamile imingcele yengcindezi ephezulu noma ephansi.Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla e-biomass avutha ngokuvamile kuvamise

hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-30%.I-biomass direct coupling combustion technology transformation esekelwe ku-300MW subcritical units noma 600MW nangaphezulu

amayunithi e-supercritical noma ama-ultra supercritical angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass ukuya ku-40% noma ngaphezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo

amayunithi ephrojekthi yokuphehla ugesi acishwa ngokuqondile kuncike ngokuphelele ekuhlinzekweni kukaphethiloli we-biomass, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwe-biomass ehambisana nokubaswa kwamalahle

amayunithi okukhiqiza amandla awancikile ekuhlinzekweni kwe-biomass.Le modi yomlilo exubile yenza imakethe yokuqoqwa kwe-biomass yokukhiqiza amandla

amabhizinisi anamandla amakhulu okuxoxisana.Ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla obuhambisana ne-biomass bungaphinda busebenzise ama-boilers akhona, izinjini zesitimu kanye

izinhlelo ezisizayo zezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamalahle.Kudingeka kuphela uhlelo olusha lokucubungula uphethiloli we-biomass ukwenza izinguquko ezithile ekushiseni kubhayela

uhlelo, ngakho-ke ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphansi.Lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla zizothuthukisa kakhulu inzuzo yamabhizinisi aphehla ugesi we-biomass futhi zinciphise

ukuncika kwabo oxhasweni lukazwelonke.Ngokuphathelene nokukhipha ukungcola, izindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo ezisetshenziswa yi-biomass zixoshwe ngokuqondile

amaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amandla axega uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi imikhawulo yokukhipha intuthu, i-SO2 ne-NOx ngokulandelanayo ingu-20, 50 kanye no-200 mg/Nm3.I-biomass ihlanganiswe

ukuphehlwa kukagesi kuncike kumayunithi wasekuqaleni wamandla ashisayo abaswa ngamalahle futhi kusebenzisa amazinga aphumayo aphansi kakhulu.Imikhawulo yokukhishwa kwensimu, i-SO2

kanye ne-NOx ngokulandelana 10, 35 kanye 50mg/Nm3.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-biomass ekhanyisa ngokuqondile amandla esilinganiso esifanayo, ukukhishwa kwentuthu, i-SO2

futhi i-NOx yehliswa ngo-50%, 30% no-75% ngokulandelana, ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezenhlalakahle nezemvelo.

Umzila wezobuchwepheshe wamabhayela amakhulu amakhulu abaswa amalahle ukwenza uguquko lokuphehla ugesi ohlangene we-biomass ungafingqwa njengamanje.

njengezinhlayiya ze-biomass - izigayo ze-biomass - uhlelo lokusatshalaliswa kwamapayipi - ipayipi lamalahle elihlutshiwe.Nakuba i-biomass yamanje ihlanganisa ukuvutha okuhlangene

ubuchwepheshe bunobubi bokulinganisa okunzima, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla obuhlangene buzoba isiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa

wokuphehla amandla e-biomass ngemva kokuxazulula le nkinga, Ingabona ukushiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-biomass kunoma iyiphi ingxenye kumayunithi amakhulu abaswa amalahle, futhi

inezici zokuvuthwa, ukwethembeka nokuphepha.Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, ngobuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla e-biomass

ka-15%, 40% noma ngisho ne-100% yokuhlanganisa ingxenye.Umsebenzi ungenziwa ngamayunithi angaphansi futhi unwetshwe kancane kancane ukuze ufinyelele umgomo we-CO2 ejulile

ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwemingcele ye-ultra supercritical+i-biomass ehambisana nokuvutha+ kokushisisa kwesifunda.

2. I-biomass fuel pretreatment kanye nohlelo olusizayo olusekelayo

Uphethiloli we-biomass ubonakala ngokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi, izinga lomoya-mpilo omningi, ukuminyana kwamandla aphansi kanye nenani eliphansi lekhalori, elikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwawo njengesibaseli kanye

kuthinta kabi ukuguqulwa kwayo okusebenzayo kwe-thermochemical.Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziqukethe amanzi amaningi, azobambezela ukusabela kwe-pyrolysis,

ukucekela phansi ukuqina kwemikhiqizo ye-pyrolysis, ukunciphisa ukuzinza kwemishini yokubhayela, futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wesistimu.Ngakho-ke,

Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa uphethiloli we-biomass ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-thermochemical.

Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-Biomass densification bunganciphisa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuhamba nezokugcina okubangelwa ukuminyana kwamandla okuphansi kwe-biomass

amafutha.Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokumisa, ukubhaka uphethiloli we-biomass endaweni engasebenzi nasezingeni elithile lokushisa kungakhulula amanzi kanye nokuguquguquka okuthile.

Okubalulekile ku-biomass, thuthukisa izici zikaphethiloli ze-biomass, nciphisa i-O/C ne-O/H.I-biomass ebhakiwe ibonisa i-hydrophobicity futhi kulula ukuba yiyo

echotshoziwe ibe yizinhlayiya ezinhle.Ukuminyana kwamandla kuyenyuka, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-biomass.

Ukuchoboza kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-biomass.Ukuze biomass briquette, ukuncishiswa usayizi kuyizinhlayiyana can

ukwandisa indawo ethize kanye nokunamathela phakathi kwezinhlayiya ngesikhathi sokucindezela.Uma usayizi wezinhlayiyana mkhulu kakhulu, kuzothinta izinga lokushisa

kaphethiloli ngisho nokukhishwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokufakwa kwegesi.Esikhathini esizayo, kungabhekwa ukwakha a

i-biomass fuel pretreatment plant ngaphakathi noma eduze nendawo yokuphehla amandla ukubhaka nokuchoboza izinto ze-biomass.UHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lukazwelonke nalo lukhomba ngokusobala

siveze ukuthi ubuchwepheshe baphethiloli obuqinile bezinhlayiya ze-biomass buzothuthukiswa, futhi ukusetshenziswa konyaka kukaphethiloli we-biomass briquette kuzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-30.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha ngamandla nangokujulile ubuchwepheshe be-biomass fuel pretreatment.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namayunithi avamile wamandla ashisayo, umehluko omkhulu wokuphehla amandla e-biomass usesimisweni sokulethwa kukaphethiloli we-biomass nokunye okuhlobene.

ubuchwepheshe bokuvutha.Njengamanje, imishini eyinhloko evuthayo yokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass e-China, njenge-boiler body, isifinyelele endaweni,

kodwa kusenezinkinga ezithile ohlelweni lwezokuthutha lwe-biomass.Imfucuza yezolimo ngokuvamile inokwakheka okuthambile kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo

inqubo yokukhiqiza amandla inkulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Isikhungo samandla kumele silungise uhlelo lokushaja ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha athile.Lapho

kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafutha atholakalayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuxubile kwamafutha amaningi kuzoholela ekungalinganini kukaphethiloli ngisho nokuvinjelwa ohlelweni lokuphakela, kanye nophethiloli.

isimo sokusebenza ngaphakathi kubhayela sithambekele ekuguquguqukeni okunodlame.Singasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokushiswa kombhede obufakwe emanzini

ukuguquguquka kukaphethiloli, futhi kuqala kuthuthukiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nokuphakelayo olusekelwe kubhayela wombhede omanzi.

4, Iziphakamiso zokuqamba okusha okuzimele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass

Ngokungafani neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi we-biomass kuzothinta izinzuzo zezomnotho kuphela, hhayi

umphakathi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-biomass nakho kudinga ukwelashwa okungenangozi nokuncishisiwe kwemfucuza yezolimo nezamahlathi kanye nemizi

udoti.Izinzuzo zayo zemvelo nezenhlalo zinkulu kakhulu kunezinzuzo zayo zamandla.Nakuba izinzuzo ezilethwa ukuthuthukiswa biomass

ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla kufanelekile ukuqinisekiswa, ezinye izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile emisebenzini yokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass azikwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo

okubhekwane nakho ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezindlela zokulinganisa ezingaphelele kanye namazinga okukhiqiza amandla ahlanganiswe ne-biomass, isimo esibuthakathaka sezezimali

uxhaso, kanye nokuntuleka kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, okuyizizathu zokunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass

ubuchwepheshe, Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezifanele kufanele zithathwe ukuyikhuthaza.

(1) Nakuba isingeniso sobuchwepheshe nokuthuthukiswa okuzimele kuyizikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-biomass yasekhaya

imboni yezizukulwane, kufanele siqonde ngokucacile ukuthi uma sifuna ukuba nendlela yokugcina, kufanele silwele ukuthatha umgwaqo wentuthuko ezimele,

bese uthuthukisa njalo ubuchwepheshe basekhaya.Kulesi sigaba, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-biomass, kanye

obunye ubuchwepheshe obunomnotho ongcono bungasetshenziswa kwezohwebo;Ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kanye nokuvuthwa kwe-biomass njengamandla amakhulu kanye

ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla e-biomass, i-biomass izoba nezimo zokuncintisana nezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi.

(2) Izindleko zokuphathwa komphakathi zingancishiswa ngokunciphisa inani lamayunithi aphehla imfucumfucu yezolimo ngokwengxenye kanye

inani lezinkampani eziphehla ugesi, kuyilapho kuqiniswa ukulawulwa kokuqapha kwemiklamo yokuphehla ugesi we-biomass.Mayelana nophethiloli

ukuthenga, ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa okwanele kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi kubeke isisekelo sokusebenza okuzinzile nokusebenza kahle kwesikhungo sikagesi.

(3) Ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo izinqubomgomo zentela ezikhethwayo zokuphehla amandla e-biomass, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu ngokuthembela ekuhlanganiseni

ukuguqula, ukukhuthaza kanye nokweseka ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi okubonisa ukufudumeza okuhlanzekile okunemithombo eminingi yemithombo kadoti, futhi kukhawulelwe inani

yamaphrojekthi we-biomass akhiqiza ugesi kuphela kodwa angashisi.

(4) I-BECCS (amandla e-Biomass ahlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula i-carbon nokugcinwa) iphakamise imodeli ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-biomass

kanye nokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwe-carbon dioxide, okunezinzuzo ezimbili zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni engemihle namandla angathathi hlangothi.I-BECCS iyisikhathi eside

ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ukungcola.Njengamanje, i-China inocwaningo oluncane kulo mkhakha.Njengezwe elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni,

I-China kufanele ifake i-BECCS ohlakeni lwesu lokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi ikhulise izindawo zayo zobuchwepheshe kule ndawo.