1. Ukulimala kombani ejeneretha ye-turbine yomoya;

2. Indlela yokulimala kombani;

3. Izinyathelo zokuvikela umbani wangaphakathi;

4. Ukuvikelwa kombani ukuxhumana kwe-equipotential;

5. Izinyathelo zokuvikela;

6. Ukuvikelwa kwe-surge.

Ngokukhula komthamo wezinjini zomoya kanye nesilinganiso samapulazi omoya, ukusebenza ngokuphephile kwamapulazi omoya sekubaluleke kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezici eziningi ezithinta ukusebenza okuphephile kwamapulazi omoya, isiteleka sombani siyisici esibalulekile.Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo lombani

ukuvikelwa kwezinjini zomoya, leli phepha lichaza inqubo yombani, indlela yokulimala kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela umbani zama-wind turbines.

Ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, umthamo owodwa wezinjini zomoya uya uba mkhulu futhi ube mkhulu.Ukuze

amunca amandla amaningi, ukuphakama kwehabhu kanye nobubanzi be-impeller kuyanda.Ukuphakama nendawo yokufaka i-wind turbine inquma lokho

yisiteshi esithandwayo sokushaywa kombani.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezinto ezibucayi zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi zigxilwe ngaphakathi

i-wind turbine.Umonakalo odalwe wumbani uzoba mkhulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kufakwe uhlelo oluphelele lokuvikela umbani

okokusebenza kukagesi nekagesi kufeni.

1. Ukulimala kombani kuma-wind turbines

Ingozi yombani ejeneretha ye-turbine yomoya ngokuvamile itholakala endaweni evulekile futhi ephakeme kakhulu, ngakho yonke i-wind turbine ibhekene nosongo.

wokushaywa kombani oqondile, kanye namathuba okushaywa umbani ngokuqondile alingana nenani lesikwele lobude bento.I-blade

ukuphakama kwe-turbine yomoya ye-megawatt kufinyelela ngaphezu kwe-150m, ngakho ingxenye ye-blade ye-turbine yomoya isengozini yombani.Inkulu

inombolo yezinto zokusebenza zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi zihlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwefeni.Kungashiwo ukuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nogesi

okokusebenza esivame ukukusebenzisa kungatholakala kusethi yejeneretha ye-wind turbine, njenge-switch cabinet, motor, drive device, frequency converter, inzwa,

i-actuator, kanye nesistimu yebhasi ehambisanayo.Lawa madivaysi agxilwe endaweni encane.Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuphakama kwamandla kungabangela okukhulu

umonakalo kuma-wind turbines.

Imininingwane elandelayo yezinjini zomoya inikezwa amazwe amaningana ase-Europe, okuhlanganisa nedatha yezinjini zomoya ezingaphezu kuka-4000.Ithebula 1 liyisifinyezo

kulezi zingozi eJalimane, eDenmark naseSweden.Inani lomonakalo wenjini yomoya odalwe ukushaywa umbani izikhathi ezi-3.9 kuye kweziyi-8 ngamayunithi ayi-100

unyaka.Ngokwedatha yezibalo, izinjini zomoya ezi-4-8 eNyakatho Yurophu zilinyazwa umbani njalo ngonyaka kuwo wonke ama-turbine omoya ayi-100.Kuyafaneleka

ukuphawula ukuthi nakuba izingxenye ezilimele zihlukile, umonakalo wombani wezingxenye zesistimu yokulawula ubala 40-50%.

2. Indlela yokulimala yombani

Ngokuvamile kunezigameko ezine zokulimala kwemishini okubangelwa umbani.Okokuqala, imishini yonakaliswa ngokuqondile umbani;Owesibili uthi

ukuthi ukushaya kombani kungena entweni ehambisana nolayini wesiginali, intambo kagesi noma amanye amapayipi ensimbi axhunywe namathuluzi, kubangele

ukulimala kwempahla;Okwesithathu ukuthi indikimba yokubeka phansi imishini yonakalisiwe ngenxa “yokulwa nokuhlasela” kwamandla aphansi okubangelwa

ngamandla aphezulu asheshayo akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushaywa kombani;Okwesine, imishini yonakele ngenxa yendlela yokufaka engafanele

noma indawo yokufaka, futhi ithintwa inkambu kagesi kanye nensimu kazibuthe esakazwa umbani esikhaleni.

3. Izinyathelo zokuvikela umbani wangaphakathi

Umqondo wendawo yokuvikela umbani uyisisekelo sokuhlela ukuvikelwa kombani okuphelele kwezinjini zomoya.Kuyindlela yokuklama yesakhiwo

isikhala sokudala indawo ezinzile yokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic esakhiweni.Ikhono lokuphazanyiswa kwe-anti-electromagnetic likagesi ohlukile

imishini esakhiweni inquma izidingo zalesi sikhala semvelo ka-electromagnetic.

Njengesinyathelo sokuvikela, umqondo wendawo yokuvikela umbani uhlanganisa lokho kuphazamiseka kozibuthe (ukuphazamiseka kwe-conductive kanye

ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe) kufanele kwehliselwe ebangeni elamukelekayo emngceleni wendawo yokuvikela umbani.Ngakho, izingxenye ezahlukene

isakhiwo esivikelwe zihlukaniswe yaba izindawo ezahlukene umbani zokuvikela.Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile kwendawo yokuvikela umbani kuhlobene

Ukwakheka kwenjini yomoya, kanye nesakhiwo sesakhiwo kanye nezinto zokwakha nazo kufanele kubhekwe.Ngokusetha amadivaysi okuvikela nokufaka

abavikeli bokuhlinzwa, umthelela wombani ku-Zone 0A yendawo yokuvikela umbani wehla kakhulu uma ungena ku-Zone 1, kanye nogesi kanye

imishini kagesi ku-turbine yomoya ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Uhlelo lwangaphakathi lokuvikela umbani lwakhiwe yizo zonke izinsiza zokunciphisa umphumela wombani we-electromagnetic endaweni.Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi umbani

ukuvikela ukuxhumana kwe-equipotential, izinyathelo zokuvikela kanye nokuvikela ukukhuphuka.

4. Ukuvikelwa kombani uxhumano lwe-equipotential

Ukuxhumeka kwe-equipotential yokuvikela umbani kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuvikela umbani wangaphakathi.Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-equipotential kungaba ngempumelelo

cindezela umehluko ongaba khona obangelwa umbani.Kuhlelo lwe-equipotential bonding lokuvikela umbani, zonke izingxenye ze-conductive zixhumekile

ukunciphisa umehluko ongaba khona.Ekwakhiweni kwe-equipotential bonding, indawo encane yokuxhumeka kwe-cross-sectional izocatshangelwa ngokusho

ezingeni.Inethiwekhi ephelele yoxhumano lwe-equipotential ihlanganisa nokuxhumeka kwe-equipotential kwamapayipi ensimbi namandla kanye nemigqa yesignali,

ezoxhunywa kubha yebhasi eyisisekelo ngokusebenzisa isivikeli samanje sombani.

5. Izinyathelo zokuvikela

Idivayisi yokuvikela inganciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.Ngenxa yolwazi lwesakhiwo se-turbine yomoya, uma izinyathelo zokuvikela zingaba

kucatshangelwa esigabeni sokuklama, idivayisi yokuvikela ingabonakala ngezindleko eziphansi.Igumbi lenjini lizokwenziwa igobolondo lensimbi elivaliwe, futhi

izakhi zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi ezifanele zizofakwa kwi-switch cabinet.Umzimba wekhabhinethi wekhabethe lokushintsha nokulawula

Ikhabhinethi izoba nomphumela omuhle wokuvikela.Amakhebula phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene kusisekelo sombhoshongo kanye negumbi lenjini azohlinzekwa ngensimbi yangaphandle

ungqimba oluvikelayo.Ngokucindezelwa kokuphazamiseka, isendlalelo esivikelayo sisebenza kuphela uma iziphetho zombili zesihlangu sekhebula zixhunywe ku-

ibhande le-equipotential bonding.

6. Ukuvikelwa kwe-surge

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela ukucindezela imithombo yokuphazamiseka kwemisebe, izindlela zokuvikela ezihambisanayo nazo ziyadingeka ukuze

ukuphazamiseka kwe-conductive emngceleni wendawo yokuvikela umbani, ukuze izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi zisebenze ngokuthembekile.Umbani

okubophayo kufanele kusetshenziswe emngceleni wendawo yokuvikela umbani 0A → 1, engaholela inani elikhulu lombani ngaphandle kokulimaza

imishini.Lolu hlobo lwesivikeli sombani lubizwa nangokuthi isivikeli samanje sombani (Isivikelo sombani weClass I).Bangakwazi ukukhawulela phezulu

umehluko ongaba khona obangelwa umbani phakathi kwezinsiza zensimbi ezisekelwe phansi namandla nemigqa yesignali, futhi uyikhawulele ebangeni eliphephile.Abaningi

Isici esibalulekile somvikeli wamanje wombani yilena: ngokusho kwe-10/350 μ S pulse waveform test, ingamelana nombani wamanje.Ngoba

izinjini zomoya, ukuvikelwa kombani emngceleni wentambo kagesi engu-0A → 1 kuqediwe ohlangothini lokuphakelwa kukagesi ongu-400/690V.

Endaweni yokuvikela umbani kanye nendawo yokuvikela umbani elandelayo, i-pulse current kuphela enamandla amancane ekhona.Lolu hlobo lwe-pulse current

ikhiqizwa yi-overvoltage eyenziwe yangaphandle noma ukukhuphuka okukhiqizwa ohlelweni.Imishini yokuvikela yalolu hlobo lwe-impulse current

ubizwa ngokuthi umvikeli ohlinzayo (umvikeli wombani we-Class II).Sebenzisa i-8/20 μ S i-pulse current waveform.Ngokombono wokuxhumana kwamandla, ukwanda

isivikeli sidinga ukufakwa ezansi nomfula wesivikeli samanje sombani.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukugeleza kwamanje, ngokwesibonelo, kumugqa wocingo, umbani wombani kumqhubi kufanele ulinganiswe ku-5%.Okwekilasi III/IV

uhlelo lokuvikela umbani, luyi-5kA (10/350 μ s).

7. Isiphetho

Amandla ombani makhulu kakhulu, futhi imodi yokushaya umbani iyinkimbinkimbi.Izinyathelo zokuvikela umbani ezinengqondo nezifanelekile zinganciphisa kuphela

ukulahlekelwa.Impumelelo kuphela kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obengeziwe obusha okungavikela ngokugcwele futhi kusebenzise umbani.Uhlelo lokuvikela umbani

ukuhlaziya kanye nengxoxo yesistimu yamandla omoya kufanele ikakhulukazi icabangele ukwakheka kwesistimu yokubeka phansi amandla omoya.Njengoba amandla omoya eChina

ebandakanyeka ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuma komhlaba, uhlelo lokumisa amandla omoya ku-geology ehlukene lungaklanywa ngokwezigaba, futhi

izindlela zingathathwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokumelana nesisekelo.