一, Imishini eyinhloko yolayini wokudlulisa amandla:

Ulayini wokudlulisa amandla uyisikhungo samandla esisebenzisa ama-insulators kanye nehardware ehambisanayo ukuze kumiswe ama-conductor kanye ne-overhead.

izintambo eziphansi ezigxotsheni nasemibhoshongweni, zixhuma izimboni zamandla kanye neziteshi ezincane, futhi zifeze injongo yokudluliswa kwamandla.Ngokuyinhloko

yakhiwe i-conductor, i-overhead ground wire, i-insulator, i-hardware, umbhoshongo, isisekelo, idivayisi ephansi, njll.

1. I-Conductor: umsebenzi wayo ngokuyinhloko ukudlulisa amandla kagesi.I-conductor yolayini izoba ne-conductivity enhle, i-mechanical eyanele

amandla, ukudlidliza ukumelana nokukhathala kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kokungcola kwamakhemikhali emoyeni.Kuzoba uhlobo lwekhondatha oluhlanganisiwe

yakhiwe ngamakhondaktha amabili noma amane isigaba ngasinye.

2. Intambo yaphansi engaphezulu: isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela umbani.Ngenxa yokuvikelwa kocingo lwaphansi olungaphezulu ku-conductor kanye ne

ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-conductor kanye nocingo olungaphansi komhlaba, ithuba lombani ushaye ngokuqondile umqhubi lingancishiswa.Nini

umbani ushaya umbhoshongo, ingxenye yamanje yombani ingaphambukiswa ocingweni olungaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise umbhoshongo ongaphezulu.

amandla kanye nokwenza ngcono umbani ukumelana nezinga.Intambo yaphansi engaphezulu ngokuvamile iwumucu wensimbi.Okwamanje, kuhle

amakhondakta afana nensimbi enentambo ye-aluminium strand kanye ne-aluminium clad steel strand avame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa imvamisa yamandla

kanye nesesibili se-arc yamanje uma kwenzeka kuba nesekethe emfushane ye-asymmetric.Intambo yaphansi ye-optical composite overhead izosetshenziswa kulabo abanayo

umsebenzi wokuxhumana.

3. Isivikeli manzi: Sibhekisela entweni elungisa futhi imise i-conductor embhoshongweni.Ama-insulators avamile wezintambo zokudlulisa amandla

zihlanganisa: i-disc porcelain insulator, i-disc glass insulator kanye ne-rod suspension composite insulator.

(1) Isivikeli se-porcelain se-Disc: isivikeli se-porcelain sasekhaya sinezinga eliphezulu lokuwohloka, okudinga ukutholwa kwevelu eliqanda futhi esindayo.

ukunakekela.Uma kwenzeka kushaywa umbani kanye nokuvutha kokungcola, kulula ukudala izingozi zezintambo, eziye zaqedwa.

(2) Isivikeli sengilazi yediski: Inoziro wenani lokuziqhumisa, kodwa izinga lokuziqhumisa liphansi kakhulu (imvamisa izinkulungwane eziyishumi ezimbalwa).Akukho ukuhlolwa

iyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe.Esimeni sokuziqhumisa kwengilazi epholile, amandla ayo asele emishini asafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-80% we

ukuphulwa kwamandla, nokusebenza okuphephile komugqa kusengaqinisekiswa.Uma kwenzeka kushaywa umbani futhi kukhanye ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ngeke kube khona

iketango drop ingozi.Isetshenziswe kakhulu ezindaweni zokuthuthwa kwendle zeBanga I kanye nelesibili.

(3) Isivikelo esiyinhlanganisela sokumiswa kwenduku: sinezinzuzo zokusebenza okuhle kwe-flashover yokulwa nokungcola, isisindo esilula, imishini ephezulu.

amandla, ukunakekelwa okuncane, njll., futhi isetshenziswe kakhulu eBangeni III nangaphezulu kwezindawo ezingcolile.

4. Izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha

Ukufakwa kolayini wokudluliswa kwamandla kungahlukaniswa kube: uhlobo lwe-clamp, okokuxhumanisa, okokuxhumanisa, okokuvikela kanye nocingo lokudonsa.

ukufakwa ngokuya ngokusebenza kwabo okuyinhloko nokusetshenziswa.

(1) Uhlobo lwe-clamp: i-clamp yokumisa: isetshenziselwa ukulungisa umqhubi wentambo yesivikelo esimisiwe sesigxobo se-tangent nombhoshongo, noma ukulenga

intambo yaphansi engaphezulu kusekelo lwentambo yaphansi engaphezulu yesigxobo se-tangent nombhoshongo.

I-Strain clamp: isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-conductor noma intambo yaphansi phezu kwentambo ye-strain insulator ukuze ibambelele.Kunezigaba ezintathu

of strain clamps, okuyilezi: ama-bolt type strain clamps;Ukucindezelwa kohlobo lokucindezela;I-Wedge clamp.I-Bolt type strain clamp: isetshenziselwa ukulungisa iphutha

ikhondakta ngomthelela wokungqubuzana okhiqizwe ukucindezela okuqondile kwesikulufu esimise okuka-U kanye ne-wavy groove ye-clamp.Uhlobo lokucindezela

i-tension clamp: yakhiwe ngeshubhu le-aluminium kanye nehange lensimbi.Ihange lensimbi lisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma nokunamathisela umgogodla wensimbi wensimbi

i-aluminium cored strand, bese umboza umzimba we-aluminium tube ukwenza i-plastic deformation ngengcindezi, ukuze i-wire clamp

futhi umqhubi ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele.Lapho kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ye-hydraulic, isikhunta sensimbi esinemininingwane ehambisanayo sizosetshenziswa

ukucindezelwa ngomshini wokunyathelisa nge-hydraulic.Uma kusetshenziswa ingcindezi yeziqhumane, i-wire clamp kanye ne-conductor (intambo engaphezulu komhlaba) ingaba

icindezelwe libe liphelele ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela okuyinhloko kokuqhuma noma ukucindezela kwesibili kokuqhuma.

I-Wedge clamp: isetshenziselwa ukufaka umucu wensimbi nokubophela intambo yokuhlala yocingo olungaphezulu komhlaba kanye nombhoshongo wokuhlala.Isebenzisa amandla okuhlukanisa wedge

ukukhiya umucu wensimbi ku-clamp.

(2) I-Hardware yokuxhuma: i-hardware yokuxhuma isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma intambo yesivikelo nombhoshongo, intambo yocingo kanye nentambo yesivikelo, umhlabathi ongaphezulu

wire clamp nombhoshongo.Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zokuxhuma ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa indandatho yokulenga yekhanda lebhola, ipuleti lokulenga lekhanda lesitsha, indandatho elengayo emise okuka-U,

ipuleti lokulenga le-engeli yesokudla, njll.

(3) Izinto zokuxhuma: ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amakhondakta, izintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nama-jumpers wezigxobo ze-tension kanye nemibhoshongo.Okuqediwe

ukufakwa kokuxhumeka kuhlanganisa: okokufakwa kokuxhumeka kwe-clamp pressure, okokufakwa koxhumano lwe-hydraulic, okokufakwa kokuxhumeka kwebhawodi, ukucindezela kokuqhuma

izilungiselelo zokuxhuma.

(4) Izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ezivikelayo: isando sokuvikela ukushaqisa, induku yesivikelo nocingo lokumanzisa olusetshenziselwa ukuvikela ikhondakta nocingo olungaphansi komhlaba ekudlidlizeni;

I-Spacer esetshenziselwa ukucindezela ukudlidliza kwe-subspan;Indandatho yokuvikela kanye neringi yokugreda isetshenziselwa ukuvikela intambo yesivikelo ku-corona.

(5) I-Hardware yezintambo zokuhlala: i-hardware yokulungisa nokusimamisa intambo yokuhlala yombhoshongo ihlanganisa: i-clamp yohlobo lwe-UT elungisekayo;Steel wire clamp, futhi kabili

ipuleti lokuxhuma ucingo lokudonsa, njll.

5. Umbhoshongo:

Imibhoshongo isetshenziselwa ukusekela amakhondaktha olayini ongaphezulu kanye nezintambo ezingaphezulu, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kunebanga elanele lokuphepha phakathi

amakhondakta namakhondakta, phakathi kwamakhondakta nezintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba, phakathi kwamakhondakta nemibhoshongo, naphakathi kwamakhondakta kanye

umhlaba nezinto eziwelayo.

6. Isisekelo:

Isisekelo sisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuzinzisa umbhoshongo futhi singathwala amandla okuphakamisa, ukwehlisa amandla kanye nomzuzu wokugumbuqela owenziwe imithwalo ehlukahlukene.

wombhoshongo, i-conductor kanye nocingo olungaphansi komhlaba.

Isisekelo esakhiwe kusengaphambili sizosetshenziselwa izigxobo nezintambo zokuhlala.Isisekelo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe se-Cast in situ noma isisekelo sikakhonkolo kufanele

isetshenziselwe umbhoshongo wensimbi.Uma kungenzeka, isisekelo esingaphazanyiswa siyokhethwa.Kubandakanya: isisekelo sedwala, isisekelo senqwaba esinwetshiwe,

isisekelo esinqunyiwe (ukusika uhhafu), isisekelo senqwaba esiqhumayo kanye nesisekelo senqwaba esinesithukuthezi.

7. Idivayisi yokubeka phansi:

Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe i-downlead ephansi exhuma intambo yaphansi engaphezulu kanye nomzimba waphansi (isigxobo) ogqitshwe emhlabathini wombhoshongo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko womshini wokumisa phansi uwukusabalalisa ngokushesha nokukhipha umbani emhlabeni, ukuze kugcinwe umbani othile.

ukumelana nezinga lomugqa.Uma kuncane ukumelana nokumiswa kombhoshongo, lapho umbani uphakama ukumelana nezinga.

二、 Amagama emigqa yokudlulisa amandla

1. I-Span: ibanga eliqondile elivundlile phakathi kwemibhoshongo emibili encikene, ebizwa ngokuthi i-span, ngokuvamile ivezwa ngo-L.

2. I-Sag: emigqeni emiswe ngokuvundlile, ibanga eliqondile phakathi komugqa wokuxhuma ovundlile phakathi kwamaphoyinti okulengisa amabili ancikene we

umqhubi kanye nephuzu eliphansi kakhulu likamqhubi libizwa ngokuthi i-sag noma i-sag.Kuvezwe ngu-f.

3. Umkhawulo webanga: ubuncane bebanga phakathi kukakhondatha nomhlabathi noma izindawo eziphambanayo.Ibanga elincane elivumelekile ukusuka ku-

indawo ephansi kakhulu yomugqa wesiqondiso ojwayelekile ukuya phansi, ngokuvamile ovezwa ngo-h.

4. I-span evundlile: uhhafu wesamba se-span ezimbili ezincikene ubizwa ngokuthi i-horizontal span, evame ukuvezwa ngokuthi.

5. I-span eqondile: ibanga elivundlile phakathi kwamaphoyinti aphansi kakhulu wekhondatha phakathi kwezikhala ezimbili ezincikene, okubizwa ngokuthi i-span eqondile ne-span.

kuvame ukuvezwa.

6. I-span emele abanye: esigabeni se-tension, kuvame ukuba nezikhala eziningi ngaphandle kwama-arc aqondile.Ngenxa yezindawo ezahlukene kanye nezinto ezingaphansi

weqe umqhubi, ubukhulu be-span ngayinye abulingani, ukuphakama kwendawo yokumiswa komqhubi nakho kuhlukile, kanye nokucindezeleka

i-conductor endaweni ngayinye nayo ihlukile.Kodwa-ke, ukucindezelwa kanye nokwehla kwe-conductor kuhlobene eduze ne-span.Lapho i-span ishintsha, i-

ukucindezeleka kanye nokuwohloka komqhubi nakho kuyashintsha.Uma i-span ngayinye ibalwa ngamunye ngamunye, ukubala komshini komqhubi kuzoba nzima.Nokho,

amakhondakta esigaba esifanayo esigabeni sokushuba ayaqiniswa ndawonye ngesikhathi sokwakha.Ngakho-ke, ukungezwani ovundlile umqhubi kuyinto

ilingana kuso sonke isigaba sokushuba, okungukuthi, ukucindezela komqhubi endaweni ephansi ye-sag ye-span ngayinye kuyalingana.Sishintsha i-multi span tension

isigaba esinesikhathi esilinganayo somcabango.Lesi span esicatshangelwayo esingaveza wonke umthetho wemishini wokudonselana kubizwa ngokuthi i-relender span noma

ubude obujwayelekile, futhi imelwe yi-LO.

7. Ukuphakama kombhoshongo: ibanga eliqondile ukusuka endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yombhoshongo ukuya phansi, elibizwa ngokuthi ukuphakama kombhoshongo.Kuboniswa ngu-H1.

8. Ubude begama lombhoshongo: ibanga eliqondile ukusuka engalweni ephambanayo ephansi kakhulu yombhoshongo ukuya phansi libizwa ngokuthi umbhoshongo obude obujwayelekile, okubhekiselwa kuwo.

njengokuphakama okuzisholo futhi kuvezwe ku-H2.

9. Ubude bephoyinti lokulengiswa: ibanga eliqondile ukusuka endaweni yokumiswa ye-conductor ukuya phansi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphakama kokumiswa.

iphuzu likamqhubi futhi limelelwa yi-H3.

10. Ibanga lomugqa ukuya kolayini: ibanga elivundlile phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili zamakhondatha, elibizwa ngebanga lomugqa ukuya kolayini, elivezwe ngo-D.

11. Ukuvuleka kwezimpande: ibanga elivundlile phakathi kwezimpande noma izinyawo zombhoshongo wezigxobo ezimbili zikagesi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvulwa kwezimpande.Imelwe ngu-A.

12. I-engeli yokuvikela yocingo lwaphansi olungaphezulu: i-engeli efakiwe phakathi kolayini wokuxhuma wangaphandle wentambo yaphansi engaphezulu kanye nekhondakta eseceleni kanye

umugqa oqondile wentambo yaphansi engaphezulu ubizwa ngokuthi i-engeli yokuvikela yocingo lwaphansi olungaphezulu.Kuvezwe phakathi.

13. Ukujula kwesigxobo nombhoshongo: Ukujula kwesigxobo sikagesi (isisekelo sombhoshongo) esigqitshwe enhlabathini kubizwa ngokuthi ukujula okugqitshwe kwesigxobo nombhoshongo.Ikona

kuvezwe ngo-h0.

14. I-Jumper: i-lead exhuma ama-conductor ezinhlangothini zombili zombhoshongo othwala umthwalo (i-tension, ikona kanye ne-terminal tower) ibizwa ngokuthi i-jumper, futhi.

ebizwa ngokuthi i-drain wire noma i-bow wire.

15. Ukwelulwa kwasekuqaleni kwe-conductor: ukuwohloka okuhlala njalo (ukunwebeka eduze kwe-eksisi kakhondatha) okubangelwa ukungezwani kokuqala kwangaphandle komqhubi.

ibizwa ngokuthi ukwelulwa kokuqala kwe-conductor.

16. I-conductor ehlanganisiwe: i-conductor eyodwa yesigaba yakhiwe izintambo eziningi (2, 3, 4), ezibizwa ngokuthi i-conductor ehlanganisiwe.Kufana nokujiya

"ububanzi obulinganayo" bomqhubi, ukuthuthukisa amandla enkundla kagesi eduze komqhubi, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-corona, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komsakazo,

kanye nokwenza ngcono umthamo wokudlulisa wentambo yokudlulisela.

17. Ukuguqulwa kwekhondatha: ilungiselelo lekhondatha yolayini wokudlulisa amandla, ngaphandle kokuhlelwa konxantathu okuvamile, ibanga.

phakathi kwamakhondaktha amathathu akulingani.Ukusabela kwe-conductor kuncike ebangeni eliphakathi kwemigqa kanye ne-radius ye-conductor.

Ngakho-ke, uma umqhubi engashintshiwe, i-impedance yezigaba ezintathu ayilingani.Uma umugqa uba mude, kuba kubi kakhulu ukungalingani.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-voltage engalingani kanye namanje izokhiqizwa, okuzothinta kabi ukusebenza kwe-generator nokuxhumana komsakazo.

Incazelo yedizayini yolayini wokudluliswa kwamandla ibeka ukuthi “kunethiwekhi yamandla nendawo emaphakathi esekelwe ngokuqondile, ukudluliswa kwamandla

ulayini onobude obungaphezu kuka-100km uzoshintshwa”.Ukuguqulwa kwe-conductor ngokuvamile kwenziwa embhoshongweni wokuguqula.

18. I-Conductor (ephansi) ukudlidliza komugqa: esikhathini somugqa, lapho imigqa engaphezulu ingaphansi kwamandla omoya aqondana nesiqondiso somugqa, isitebele

i-vortex enefrikhwensi ethile eshintshana phezulu naphansi izokwakhiwa ohlangothini lwe-leeward lwemigqa ephezulu.Ngaphansi komphumela we-vortex lift

ingxenye, imigqa engaphezulu izokhiqiza ukuzungeza ngezikhathi ezithile endizeni yabo eqondile, okubizwa ngokuthi ukudlidliza komugqa ongaphezulu.