Lena ingxenye yesithathu yochungechunge olunezingxenye ezintathu mayelana nokwakhiwa kabusha kuka-Derek Pratt kwe-H4 eyawina umklomelo ka-John Harrison's Longitude Award (i-chronometer yokuqala yasolwandle enembayo emhlabeni).Lesi sihloko sanyatheliswa okokuqala ku-The Horological Journal (HJ) ngo-April 2015, futhi siyababonga ngokusinikeza imvume yokushicilela kabusha ku-Quill & Pad.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngoDerek Pratt, bheka impilo nezikhathi zomqaphi ozimele odumile u-Derek Pratt, ukwakhiwa kabusha kuka-Derek Pratt kwe-John Harrison H4, umhlaba Iwashi lokuqala elinembayo lezinkanyezi zasolwandle (ingxenye 1 kwangu-3), kanye ne-H4 ka-John Harrison ithreyi ledayimane elakhiwe kabusha u-Derek Pratt, i-chronometer yokuqala yasolwandle enembayo emhlabeni (ingxenye 2, Kunezingxenye ezi-3 sezizonke).
Ngemva kokwenza ithreyi yedayimane, siqhubekela phambili ukuze senze iwashi liphawule, ngaphandle kwe-remontoir, nangaphambi kokuba wonke amagugu aqedwe.
Isondo elikhulu lebhalansi (50.90 mm ububanzi) lenziwe ngephaneli yensimbi eqinile, epholile futhi epholishiwe.Isondo liboshelwe phakathi kwamapuleti amabili ukuze libe lukhuni, okusiza ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka.
Ipuleti eliqinile lesondo lebhalansi le-H4 lika-Derek Pratt libonisa ibhalansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abasebenzi kanye ne-chuck endaweni
I-balance lever iyi-mandrel emincane engu-21.41 mm ene-circumference yokhalo iyancipha ibe ngu-0.4 mm yokufaka i-tray kanye nebhalansi chuck.Abasebenzi bavula intambo yomenzi wewashi bese beqeda ngokushintshana.I-chuck yethusi esetshenziselwa i-pallet igxilwe kusisebenzi ngephini lokuhlukanisa, futhi i-pallet ifakwe emgodini omise okwe-D ku-chuck.
Lezi zimbobo zenziwe epuleti yethusi kusetshenziswa i-EDM yethu (umshini wokukhipha ugesi).I-electrode yethusi ngokusho kwe-cross-sectional shape ye-pallet ifakwe ethusi, bese imbobo kanye ne-contour yangaphandle yesisebenzi icutshungulwa emshinini wokugaya we-CNC.
Ukuqedwa kokugcina kwe-chuck kwenziwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa ifayela kanye ne-polisher yensimbi, futhi imbobo yephinikhodi ehlukanisiwe yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Archimedes drill.Lena inhlanganisela ethokozisayo yemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nesezingeni eliphansi!
Intwasahlobo yebhalansi ineziyingi ezintathu eziphelele kanye nomsila omude oqondile.Intwasahlobo i-tapered, ukuphela kwe-stud kukhulu, futhi isikhungo sibheke ku-chuck.U-Anthony Randall usinikeze enye insimbi ye-carbon engu-0.8%, eyadonselwa engxenyeni eyisicaba yase ipholishwa ibe ikhoni enosayizi webhalansi yokuqala ye-H4 spring.Isiphethu esincishisiwe sibekwe endaweni yensimbi ukuze kuqiniswe.
Sinezithombe ezinhle zentwasahlobo yasekuqaleni, okusivumela ukuthi sidwebe umumo kanye ne-CNC mill yangaphambili.Ngentwasahlobo emfishane kangaka, abantu bangalindela ukuthi ibhalansi izoshwibeka ngobudlova lapho abasebenzi bemi baqondile kodwa bengavinjelwa ubucwebe obusebhulohweni lebhalansi.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi umsila omude kanye nezinwele ziba mncane, uma isondo lebhalansi kanye ne-hairspring kusethelwe ukudlidliza, kusekelwa kuphela ku-pivot ephansi, futhi amagugu angenhla asusiwe, i-balance shaft izozinza ngokumangalisayo.
Isondo lebhalansi kanye ne-hairspring inephuzu lephutha elikhulu lokuxhuma, njengoba kulindelekile ku-hairspring enjalo emfishane, kodwa lo mphumela uncishiswa ukushuba kwe-tapered nomsila omude we-hairspring.
Vumela iwashi ligijime, lishayelwa ngokuqondile esitimeleni, futhi isigaba esilandelayo ukwenza nokufaka i-remontoir.I-eksisi yomzuliswano wesine iyindawo ethokozisayo yezindlela ezintathu.Ngalesi sikhathi, kunamasondo amathathu angama-coaxial: isondo lesine, isondo eliphikisayo kanye nemizuzwana emaphakathi yokushayela.
Isondo lesithathu elisikwe ngaphakathi lishayela elesine ngendlela evamile, elibuye lishayele i-remontoir system ehlanganisa isondo lokukhiya kanye ne-flywheel.Isondo le-gyro lishayelwa i-spindle yesine nge-spring remontoir, kanti isondo le-gyro lishayela isondo lokuphuma.
Ekuxhumekeni komzuliswano wesine, umshayeli unikezwa i-remontoir, isondo le-contrate kanye nesondo lesibili eliphakathi nendawo ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha i-H4 kaDerek Pratt.
Kukhona ezacile izacile mandrel counterclockwise, edabula mandrel ongenalutho isondo lesine, futhi isandla yesibili isondo ukushayela efakwe ohlangothini Ukudayela counterclockwise.
Isiphethu se-Remontoir senziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwewashi.Iphakeme ngo-1.45 mm, ugqinsi ngu-0.08 mm, futhi icishe ibe ngu-160 mm ubude.Intwasahlobo igxilile ekhejini lethusi elifakwe ku-axle yesine.Umthombo kufanele ubekwe ekhejini njengekhoyili evulekile, hhayi odongeni lombhobho njengoba kuvame ukuba semgqonyeni wewashi.Ukuze sifeze lokhu, sisebenzise into efanayo neyangaphambili esetshenziselwa ukwenza ibhalansi iziphethu ukuze simise isiphethu se-remontoir esimweni esifanele.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Remontoir kulawulwa i-pivoting pawl, isondo lokukhiya kanye ne-flywheel esetshenziselwa ukulawula isivinini sokuhlehlisa i-remontoir.I-pawl inezingalo ezinhlanu ezifakwe ku-mandrel;ingalo eyodwa ibambe isidladla, futhi isidladla sihlanganyela nephini lokukhulula ku-mandrel ephambene.Lapho ingaphezulu lizungeza, elinye lamaphini alo liphakamisa ngobumnene i-pawl endaweni lapho enye ingalo ikhulula khona isondo lokukhiya.Isondo lokukhiya lingakwazi ukuzungeza ngokukhululekile ijika elilodwa ukuze isiphethu sibuyiselwe emuva.
Ingalo yesithathu inerola ejikelezayo esekelwe kukhamera ebekwe ku-ekseli yokukhiya.Lokhu kugcina i-pawl ne-pawl kude nendlela yephini lokukhulula lapho ukuhlehla kwenzeka, futhi isondo elibuyela emuva lihlala lizungeza.Izingalo ezimbili ezisele ku-pawl ziyizinsimbi ezilinganisa i-pawl.
Zonke lezi zingxenye zintekenteke kakhulu futhi zidinga ukugcwalisa nokuhlunga ngokucophelela, kodwa zisebenza ngokwenelisa kakhulu.Iqabunga elindizayo lingu-0.1 mm ubukhulu, kodwa linendawo enkulu;lokhu kube yingxenye ekhohlisayo ngoba umphathi omkhulu ungumuntu onomshini wesimo sezulu.
I-Remontoir iwumshini okhaliphile ohehayo ngoba ihlehla njalo ngemizuzwana engu-7.5, ngakho-ke awudingi ukulinda isikhathi eside!
Ngo-April 1891, uJames U. Poole walungisa kabusha i-H4 yokuqala futhi wabhala umbiko othakazelisayo ngomsebenzi wakhe we-Watch Magazine.Lapho ekhuluma ngomshini we-remontoir, uthe: “UHarrison uchaza ukwakheka kwewashi.Kwadingeka ngiphumputhe ochungechungeni lokuhlola okunzima, futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngangifisa ukukwazi ukuphinde ngiluhlanganise.Isitimela se-remontoir Isenzo siyimfihlakalo kangangokuthi ngisho noma usibhekisisa kahle, awukwazi ukusiqonda kahle.Ngiyangabaza ukuthi iwusizo ngempela yini.”
Umuntu ohluphekayo!Ngithanda ukwethembeka kwakhe okukhululekile emzabalazweni, mhlawumbe sonke sibe nokukhungatheka okufanayo ebhentshini!
Ukunyakaza kwehora nomzuzu kungokwesintu, kushayelwa igiya elikhulu elifakwe ku-central spindle, kodwa isandla semizuzwana emaphakathi siphathwa isondo eliphakathi kwegiya elikhulu nesondo lehora.Isondo lemizuzwana emaphakathi lizungeza egiyeni elikhulu futhi lishayelwa isondo elifanayo lokubala elifakwe ekugcineni kwe-spindle.
Ukunyakaza kwe-H4 H4 ka-Derek Pratt kukhombisa ukushayela kwegiya elikhulu, isondo elingumzuzu kanye nesondo lesibili elimaphakathi.
Ukujula komshayeli ophakathi nendawo kujule ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isandla sesibili "asijiki" uma sigijima, kodwa futhi sidinga ukugijima ngokukhululeka.Kwi-H4 yasekuqaleni, ububanzi besondo lokushayela bungu-0.11 mm obukhulu kunalelo lwesondo eliqhutshwayo, nakuba inani lamazinyo lilingana.Kubonakala sengathi ukujula kwenziwa ngamabomu kakhulu, bese isondo eliqhutshwayo "liphezulu" ukuze linikeze izinga elidingekayo lenkululeko.Silandele inqubo efanayo ukuze sivumele ukugijima kwamahhala ngokuvunyelwa okuncane.
Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuqopha ukuze uthole ukuhlehla okuncane kakhulu lapho ushayela imizuzwana emaphakathi ngesandla seDerek Pratt H4
U-Derek useqede izandla ezintathu, kodwa zidinga ukuhlelwa okuthile.UDaniela wasebenza ezandleni zehora nemizuzu, wapholishwa, wabe eseqina futhi waqina, futhi ekugcineni wafaka usawoti oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Isandla sesekhondi elimaphakathi siyapholishwa esikhundleni sokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ekuqaleni u-Harrison wayehlele ukusebenzisa i-rack kanye ne-pinion adjuster ku-H4, eyayivamile kumawashi asemaphethelweni angaleso sikhathi, futhi njengoba kuboniswe komunye wemidwebo eyenziwa lapho iKomidi Lobude lihlola iwashi.Kumelwe ukuba wayesheshe wayiyeka i-rack, nakuba ayeyisebenzise kumawashi e-Jefferys futhi wasebenzisa isinxephezelo se-bimetallic okokuqala ku-H3.
U-Derek wayefuna ukuzama leli lungiselelo futhi wenza i-rack ne-pinion futhi waqala ukwenza ama-curbs anxephezela.
I-H4 yasekuqaleni isenayo iphinikhodi yokufaka ipuleti lokulungisa, kodwa ayinayo i-rack.Njengoba i-H4 okwamanje ingenayo irack, kunqunywa ukuba kwenziwe ikhophi.Nakuba i-rack ne-pinion kulula ukulungisa, u-Harrison kufanele ukuthi ukuthole kulula ukuhamba nokuphazamisa isivinini.Iwashi manje lingalimala ngokukhululekile futhi lifakwe ngokucophelela ku-balance spring stud.Indlela yokufaka i-stud ingalungiswa kunoma iyiphi indlela;lokhu kusiza ukubeka isikhungo sentwasahlobo ukuze ibha yebhalansi ime iqonde lapho iphumula.
Unqenqema olunxeshezelwe ngezinga lokushisa luqukethe imigoqo yethusi neyensimbi ehlanganiswe kanye nama-rivets angu-15.Iphinikhodi yonqenqema ekugcineni konqenqema olunxephezela izungeza intwasahlobo.Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, unqenqema luzogoba ukuze lufinyeze ubude obusebenzayo bentwasahlobo.
U-Harrison wayenethemba lokusebenzisa umumo wengemuva lethreyi ukuze alungise amaphutha e-isochronous, kodwa wathola ukuthi lokhu akwanele, futhi wengeza lokho akubiza ngokuthi “iphinikhodi ye-cycloid”.Lokhu kulungiswa ukuze kuthintane nomsila webhalansi yesiphethu futhi kusheshiswe ukudlidliza nge-amplitude ekhethiwe.
Kulesi sigaba, ipuleti eliphezulu linikezwa uCharles Scarr ukuze aqoshwe.U-Derek wayecele ukuthi i-nameplate iqoshwe njengeyokuqala, kodwa igama lakhe laliqoshwe onqenqemeni lwebhodi lokutyibilika eliseduze nesiginesha ka-Harrison nasebhulohweni lesithathu lesondo.Umbhalo ufundeka kanje: “Derek Pratt 2004-Chas Frodsham & Co AD2014.”
Umbhalo: “UDerek Pratt 2004 - Chas Frodsham & Co 2014″, usetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa kabusha kweH4 kaDerek Pratt
Ngemva kokuletha ibhalansi yesiphethu eduze kosayizi wentwasahlobo yasekuqaleni, beka isikhathi iwashi ngokususa izinto ezisuka phansi kwebhalansi, wenze ibhalansi ibe mkhulu ukuze uvumele lokhu.Isibali sikhathi sewashi le-Witschi siwusizo kakhulu kulokhu ngoba singasethwa ukukala imvamisa yewashi ngemuva kokulungiswa ngakunye.
Lokhu kuyinto engajwayelekile, kodwa inikeza indlela yokulinganisa ibhalansi enkulu kangaka.Njengoba isisindo sisuka kancane ukusuka phansi kwesondo lebhalansi, imvamisa yayisondela izikhathi ezingu-18,000 ngehora, bese isibali-sikhathi sisethelwa ku-18,000 futhi iphutha lewashi lalingafundwa.
Isibalo esingenhla sibonisa umkhondo wewashi lapho liqala ukusuka ku-amplitude ephansi bese lizinza ngokushesha ku-amplitude yalo yokusebenza ngezinga elizinzile.Ukulandelela futhi kubonisa ukuthi i-remontoir ihlehla njalo ngemizuzwana engu-7.5.Iwashi liphinde lahlolwa kusibali sikhathi esidala se-Greiner Chronographic kusetshenziswa imikhondo yephepha.Lo mshini unomsebenzi wokusetha ukusebenza kancane.Lapho okuphakelayo kwephepha kuhamba kancane ngokuphindwe kashumi, iphutha likhuliswa izikhathi eziyishumi.Lesi silungiselelo sikwenza kube lula ukuhlola iwashi ihora noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokucwila ekujuleni kwephepha!
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside kwabonisa izinguquko ezithile ngesivinini, futhi kwathola ukuthi isikhungo sesibili sokushayela sibucayi kakhulu, ngoba sidinga uwoyela egiyeni elikhulu, kodwa sidinga uwoyela olula kakhulu, ukuze singabangeli ukumelana kakhulu futhi yehlisa ibanga lebhalansi .Amafutha ewashi e-viscosity aphansi kakhulu esingawathola i-Moebius D1, ene-viscosity yama-32 centistoke ku-20°C;lokhu kusebenza kahle.
Iwashi alinakho ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esimaphakathi njengoba kamuva lafakwa ku-H5, ngakho-ke kulula ukwenza izinguquko ezincane inaliti ye-cycloidal ukuze ushunise isivinini.Iphinikhodi ye-cycloidal yahlolwa ezindaweni ezihlukene, futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva yayizothinta isiphethu ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwayo, futhi kwakukhona nezikhala ezihlukene ezikhoneni zomgwaqo.
Akubonakali kunendawo ekahle, kodwa isethwe lapho izinga loshintsho nge-amplitude lincane.Ukushintsha kwezinga nge-amplitude kubonisa ukuthi i-remontoir iyadingeka ukuze bushelelezi ukushaya kwebhalansi.Ngokungafani noJames Poole, sicabanga ukuthi i-remontoir iwusizo ngempela!
Iwashi belivele lisebenza ngo-January 2014, kodwa kusadingeka izinguquko ezithile.Amandla atholakalayo okuphunyuka ancike eziphethwini ezine ezihlukene ewashini, zonke okufanele zilingane: i-mainspring, isiphethu samandla, isiphethu se-remontoir, ne-balance spring.I-mainspring ingasethwa njengoba kudingekile, bese isiphethu sokubamba esihlinzeka ngetorque lapho iwashi lilimele kufanele sanele ukuqinisa kabusha isiphethu se-remontoir ngokugcwele.
I-amplitude yesondo lebhalansi incike ekumisweni kwentwasahlobo ye-remontoir.Okunye ukulungiswa kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentwasahlobo yesondlo kanye ne-remontoir spring, ukuze uthole ibhalansi efanele futhi uthole amandla anele ekubalekeni.Ukulungiswa ngakunye kwesiphethu sokulungisa kusho ukuqaqa lonke iwashi.
NgoFebhuwari 2014, iwashi laya e-Greenwich ukuze lithathwe izithombe futhi lithathwe izithombe zombukiso we-“Explore Longitude-Ship Clock and Stars”.Ividiyo yokugcina eboniswe embukisweni yalichaza kahle iwashi futhi yabonisa zonke izingxenye ezaziqoqwa.
Isikhathi sokuhlolwa nokulungiswa senzeka ngaphambi kokuba iwashi lilethwe eGreenwich ngoJuni 2014. Sasingekho isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa okufanele futhi kwatholakala ukuthi iwashi lalinxeshezelwe ngokweqile, kodwa laliqhuba ishabhu ngezinga lokushisa elilinganayo. .Lapho isebenza ingaphazamiseki izinsuku eziyi-9, yayihlala phakathi noma kususwe imizuzwana emibili ngosuku.Ukuze iwine umklomelo ka-£20,000, idinga ukugcina isikhathi singaphakathi noma khipha imizuzwana engu-2.8 ngosuku phakathi nohambo lwamasonto ayisithupha oluya e-West Indies.
Ukuqedela i-H4 ka-Derek Pratt bekuhlale kuyiphrojekthi ethokozisayo enezinselele eziningi.Kwa-Frodshams, sihlala sinikeza u-Derek ukuhlola okuphezulu kakhulu, noma ngabe njengomenzi wamawashi noma njengomhlanganyeli othandekayo.Uhlala ehlanganyela ngolwazi lwakhe nesikhathi sokusiza abanye.
Ubuciko bukaDerek buhle kakhulu, futhi naphezu kwezinselelo eziningi, uye wachitha isikhathi esiningi namandla ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi yakhe ye-H4.Sicabanga ukuthi uzokwaneliseka ngomphumela wokugcina futhi ujabule ukukhombisa wonke umuntu iwashi.
Iwashi laboniswa eGreenwich kusukela ngoJulayi 2014 kuya kuJanuwari 2015 nazo zonke izibali-sikhathi zangempela ze-Harrison kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi ethokozisayo.Lo mbukiso uqale ukuvakasha komhlaba nge-H4 kaDerek, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba 2015 eFolger Shakespeare Library eWashington, DC;kulandelwa i-Mystic Seaport, Connecticut, kusukela ngoNovemba 2015 kuya ku-Ephreli 2016;bese Kusukela ngoMeyi 2016 kuya ku-Okthoba 2016, uhambe uye e-Australian Maritime Museum eSydney.
Ukuphothulwa kwe-H4 ka-Derek bekuwumzamo weqembu wawo wonke umuntu e-Frodshams.Siphinde sathola usizo olubalulekile oluvela ku-Anthony Randall, Jonathan Hird nabanye abantu embonini yokubuka abasize uDerek kanye nathi ekuqedeleni le phrojekthi.Ngithanda futhi ukubonga uMartin Dorsch ngosizo lwakhe ngokuthwebula lezi zihloko.
I-Quill & Pad ithanda futhi ukubonga i-Horological Journal ngokusivumela ukuthi sishicilele kabusha izihloko ezintathu zalolu chungechunge lapha.Uma uzigejile, ungase futhi uthande: Impilo nezikhathi zomqaphi ozimele odumile u-Derek Pratt (Derek Pratt) Ukwakha kabusha u-John Harrison (John Harrison) ) H4, i-chronometer yokuqala yasolwandle enembayo emhlabeni (ingxenye 1 kwezingu-3) kaDerek Pratt (Derek Pratt) ukuze akhe kabusha u-John Harrison (John Harrison) ukuze enze ithreyi yedayimane i-H4, i-chronometer yokuqala yomhlaba ethi A precision marine chronometer (ingxenye 2 kwezingu-3)
uxolo.Ngifuna umngane wami wesikole u-Martin Dorsch, ungumenzi wamawashi waseJalimane ovela e-Regensburg.Uma umazi, ungamtshela imininingwane yami yokuxhumana?Siyabonga!UZheng Junyu