Amaphuzu olwazi:

I-circuit breaker iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokulawula nokuvikela ezitshalweni zamandla neziteshi ezingaphansi.Ayikwazi ukunqamula kuphela futhi ivale i-no-load current

kanye nomthwalo wamanje wesekethe ye-voltage ephezulu, kodwa futhi sebenzisana nedivayisi yokuvikela kanye nedivayisi ezenzakalelayo ukusika ngokushesha iphutha lamanje uma kwenzeka

yokuhluleka kwesistimu, ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bokuhluleka kwamandla, kuvinjwe ukwanda kwezingozi, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kohlelo.Kusukela ekuqaleni

1990s, ama-circuit breaker kawoyela ezinhlelweni zamandla angaphezu kuka-35kV eShayina kancane kancane athathelwa indawo ama-circuit breaker e-SF6,.

1, Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-circuit breaker

I-circuit breaker iyisisetshenziswa sokushintsha ngomshini esiteshini esingavula, sivale, sithwale futhi siphule umthwalo wamanje ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zesekethe,

futhi ingathwala futhi iphule amandla wamanje ngaphansi kwezimo zesekethe ezingavamile phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe.Igumbi lokucisha i-arc lingenye yeziningi

izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-circuit breaker, ezingacisha i-arc ekhiqizwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvala imishini yamandla futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile.

yesistimu yamandla.Umgomo wokucisha i-arc we-high-voltage AC circuit breaker inqunywa i-insulation medium esetshenzisiwe.I-insulation ehlukile

abezindaba bazosebenzisa imigomo ehlukene yokucisha i-arc.Isimiso esifanayo sokucisha i-arc singaba nezakhiwo ezihlukene zokucisha i-arc.I-arc-

Igumbi lokucisha le-SF6 circuit breaker ikakhulukazi lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lomoya ocindezelwe kanye nohlobo lokuzinika amandla.I-arc yomoya ecindezelwe yokucisha

Igumbi ligcwele i-0 Ngegesi ye-SF6 engu-45MPa (20 ℃ gauge pressure), ngesikhathi sokuvula, i-compressor chamber yenza ukunyakaza okuhlobene

i-piston emile, kanye negesi egunjini le-compressor iyacindezelwa, okwenza umehluko wengcindezi negesi ngaphandle kwesilinda.Umfutho ophezulu

Igesi ye-SF6 ivuthela ngamandla i-arc ku-nozzle, iphoqa i-arc ukuthi icime lapho i-current idlula uziro.Uma ukuvulwa sekuqediwe, ingcindezi

umehluko uzophela maduze, futhi ingcindezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-compressor izobuyela ekulinganiseni.Ngoba i-piston emile ifakwe isheke

i-valve, umehluko wengcindezi lapho uvala uncane kakhulu.Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo segumbi lokucisha i-arc elizimelayo lakhiwe ngokuthintana okuyinhloko, okumile

i-arc contact, umlomo wombhobho, i-compressor chamber, ukuthintana kwe-arc eguquguqukayo, isilinda, igumbi lokunweba elishisayo, i-valve yendlela eyodwa, i-compressor eyi-axiliary, ingcindezi

i-valve yokunciphisa kanye nengcindezi yokunciphisa intwasahlobo.Ngesikhathi sokuvula, indlela yokusebenza ishayela i-shaft yokudlulisela kanye nengalo yayo yangaphakathi ye-crank

ekusekelweni, ngaleyo ndlela idonsa induku yokuvikela, i-piston rod, i-compressor chamber, ukunyakaza kwe-arc contact, ukuthintana okuyinhloko kanye nombhobho ukuya phansi.Lapho i-

umunwe othintana naye omile kanye nokuxhumana okuyinhloko kuyahlukaniswa, okwamanje kusageleza eduze kokuxhumana kwe-arc okumile kanye nokuxhumana kwe-arc okunyakazayo okungahlukaniswanga.

Lapho abathintwayo be-arc abahambayo nabamile behlukaniswa, i-arc yenziwa phakathi kwabo.Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuxhumana kwe-arc okumile kuhlukaniswe nomphimbo we-nozzle,

izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhiqizwa ukushiswa kwe-arc Igesi yokucindezela okuphezulu igelezela ekamelweni le-compressor futhi ixube negesi ebandayo ekuyo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhule.

ingcindezi ekamelweni le-compressor.Ngemuva kokuthi ukuthintana kwe-arc emile kuhlukanisiwe nomphimbo we-nozzle, igesi yokucindezela okuphezulu egunjini lokucindezela

ikhishwe emphinjeni wombhobho kanye nomphimbo othintekayo we-arc kuzo zombili izinkomba ukuze kucishwe i-arc.Ngesikhathi sokuvala umsebenzi, indlela yokusebenza

inyakaza iqonde lapho kuxhumene khona okumile nothintana naye onyakazayo, umlomo wombhobho kanye nepiston, bese kuthi okuthintayo kufakwe esihlalweni sokuxhumana esinyakazayo ukuze kwenziwe.

othintana nabo abahambayo nabamile banokuxhumana okuhle kagesi, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvala, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.

 
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-breaker circuit

(1) Ihlukaniswe yaba yi-oil circuit breaker, i-compressed air circuit breaker, i-vacuum circuit breaker kanye ne-SF6 circuit breaker ngokusho kwe-arc extinguishing medium;

Nakuba i-arc-extinguishing medium ye-circuit breaker ngayinye ihlukile, umsebenzi wabo uyafana, okuwukucisha i-arc ekhiqizwa

i-circuit breaker ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvula, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini kagesi.

1) I-Oil circuit breaker: sebenzisa uwoyela njengendawo yokucisha i-arc.Lapho i-arc ishisa emafutheni, amafutha abola ngokushesha futhi ahwamuke ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu

ye-arc, futhi yakha amabhamuza azungeze i-arc, engapholisa ngempumelelo i-arc, inciphise i-arc gap conductivity, futhi ikhuthaze i-arc ukucisha.I-arc-

idivayisi yokucima umlilo (igumbi) isethwe ku-breaker circuit yamafutha ukuze yenze ukuthintana phakathi kwamafutha ne-arc kuvalwe, futhi ukucindezela kwebhamuza kuyanda.Lapho umlomo

wegumbi lokucisha i-arc livuliwe, igesi, uwoyela kanye nomhwamuko kawoyela kwakha umfudlana womoya nokugeleza kwe-liquid.Ngokuvumelana nesakhiwo sedivayisi yokucisha i-arc ethile,

i-arc ingavuthwa i-perpendicular kuya ku-arc ngokuvundlile, ihambisane ne-arc longitudinally, noma ihlanganiswe iqonde futhi ivundlile, ukuze iqalise ukusebenza okuqinile nokusebenza kahle.

i-arc ivuthela ku-arc, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe inqubo ye-deionization, kufinyezwe isikhathi sokugoqa, futhi kuthuthukise amandla okuphuka kwe-breaker circuit.

2) I-air circuit breaker ecindezelwe: inqubo yokucisha i-arc iqedwa ku-nozzle ethile.I-nozzle isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukugeleza komoya okunesivinini esikhulu ukuvuthela i-arc

ukuze ucime i-arc.Lapho i-circuit breaker iphula isifunda, ukugeleza komoya okunesivinini esikhulu okukhiqizwa umoya ocindezelwe akukhiphi nje inani elikhulu

ukushisa esikhaleni se-arc, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwegebe le-arc futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlukaniswa kwe-thermal, kodwa futhi kususe ngokuqondile inombolo enkulu.

ama-ion aqondile namabi esikhaleni se-arc, futhi agcwalise igebe lokuxhumana ngomoya omusha wokucindezela okuphezulu, ukuze amandla e-gap medium atholakale ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-oil circuit breaker, i-compressed air circuit breaker inekhono eliqinile lokuphuka kanye nesenzo esisheshayo Isikhathi sokuphuka sifushane, futhi

umthamo wokuphuka ngeke wehliswe ekuvaleni kabusha okuzenzakalelayo.

3) I-vacuum circuit breaker: sebenzisa i-vacuum njenge-insulation kanye ne-arc yokucima umlilo.Lapho i-breaker yesifunda inqanyuliwe, i-arc iyasha ku-vapor wensimbi

okukhiqizwa into yokuxhumana yegumbi lokucisha i-arc ye-vacuum, ebizwa ngokuthi i-vacuum arc ngamafuphi.Lapho i-arc ye-vacuum inqanyuliwe, ngenxa yokuthi

ukucindezela kanye nokuminyana ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekholomu ye-arc kuhluke kakhulu, umhwamuko wensimbi nezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe kukholomu ye-arc zizoqhubeka zisakazeka ngaphandle.

Ingaphakathi lekholomu ye-arc likubhalansi eguquguqukayo yokusabalaliswa kwangaphandle okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe kanye nokuhwamuka okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya ezintsha.

kusuka ku-electrode.Njengoba imanje kuncipha, ukuminyana komhwamuko wensimbi kanye nokuminyana kwezinhlayiya ezishajwayo kuyehla, futhi ekugcineni kunyamalale lapho umsinga useduze.

kuya ku-zero, futhi i-arc iyaphuma.Ngalesi sikhathi, izinhlayiya ezisele zekholomu ye-arc ziyaqhubeka nokusabalala ngaphandle, futhi amandla okufakwa kwe-dielectric phakathi

ama-fractures alulama ngokushesha.Inqobo nje uma amandla okufaka i-dielectric alulama ngokushesha kunejubane elikhuphukayo lokuthola kabusha i-voltage, i-arc izocisha.

4) I-SF6 circuit breaker: Igesi ye-SF6 isetshenziswa njenge-insulation kanye ne-arc yokucima umlilo.Igesi ye-SF6 iyindawo ekahle yokucisha i-arc ene-thermochemistry enhle futhi

ugesi ongemuhle onamandla.

A. I-thermochemistry isho ukuthi igesi ye-SF6 inezici ezinhle zokuqhuba ukushisa.Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwegesi ye-SF6 kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu

i-gradient ebusweni be-arc core ngesikhathi sokusha kwe-arc, umphumela wokupholisa ubalulekile, ngakho-ke ububanzi be-arc buncane kakhulu, obuvumelana ne-arc.

ukushabalala.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-SF6 inomphumela oqinile wokuhlukanisa ukushisa ku-arc kanye nokubola okwanele kokushisa.Kukhona inani elikhulu le-monomer

S, F nama-ion awo esikhungweni se-arc.Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushiswa kwe-arc, amandla afakwe esikhaleni se-arc segridi yamandla aphansi kakhulu kunalawo esekethe.

i-breaker enomoya namafutha njengendlela yokucima i-arc.Ngakho-ke, izinto zokuthintana zishiswa kancane futhi i-arc kulula ukuyicisha.

B. I-negativity enamandla yegesi ye-SF6 ukuthambekela okunamandla kwama-molecule egesi noma ama-athomu ukukhiqiza ama-ion aphikisayo.Ama-electron akhiqizwa yi-arc ionization anamandla

ikhangiswe igesi ye-SF6 nama-athomu ane-halogenated kanye nama-athomu akhiqizwa ukubola kwawo, ngaleyo ndlela ukuhamba kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe kuncipha kakhulu, futhi

ngoba ama-ion angalungile nama-ion alungile ancishiswa kalula kuma-athomu angathathi hlangothi nama-athomu.Ngakho-ke, ukunyamalala kwe-conductivity endaweni yegebe kukhulu kakhulu

ngokushesha.I-conductivity ye-arc gap iyancipha ngokushesha, okubangela ukuthi i-arc icime.

(2) Ngokohlobo lwesakhiwo, ingahlukaniswa i-porcelain pole circuit breaker kanye ne-tank circuit breaker.

(3) Ngokwemvelo yendlela yokusebenza, ihlukaniswe yaba i-electromagnetic operating mechanism circuit breaker, indlela yokusebenza ye-hydraulic

i-circuit breaker, i-pneumatic operating mechanism circuit breaker, i-spring operating mechanism breaker kanye nendlela yokusebenza kazibuthe ehlala njalo

I-circuit breaker.

(4) Ihlukaniswe yaba yi-single-break circuit breaker kanye ne-multi-break circuit breaker ngokwenani lamakhefu;I-multi-break circuit breaker ihlukaniswe

ku-circuit breaker ene-equalizing capacitor kanye ne-circuit breaker ngaphandle kokulinganisa i-capacitor.

3, Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-circuit breaker

Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-circuit breaker ikakhulukazi sihlanganisa isisekelo, indlela yokusebenza, isici sokudlulisa, isici sokwesekwa kwe-insulation, into ephukayo, njll.

Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-circuit breaker evamile siboniswa esithombeni.

Isici sokunqamula: Iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-breaker circuit ukuze ixhume futhi inqamule isekethe.

Isici sokudlulisa: umyalo wokusebenza wokudlulisa kanye namandla e-kinetic okusebenza kothintana naye onyakazayo.

Isici sokusekela sokuvikela: ukusekela umzimba we-circuit breaker, thwala amandla okusebenza namandla ahlukahlukene angaphandle wento ephukayo, futhi uqinisekise umhlabathi.

ukufakwa kwe-elementi ephukile.

Indlela yokusebenza: isetshenziselwa ukunikeza amandla okusebenza okuvula nokuvala.

Isisekelo: sisetshenziselwa ukusekela nokulungisa i-circuit breaker.