Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Edison, njengomsunguli omkhulu kunabo bonke ezincwadini zokufunda, ubelokhu eyisivakashi esivamile ekwakhiweni kwezincwadi zokuqala.

nabafundi basesikoleni esiphakathi.U-Tesla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayehlale enobuso obungacacile, futhi kwakusesikoleni esiphakeme kuphela

wahlangana nophiko oluqanjwe ngaye ekilasini le-physics.

Kepha ngokusabalala kwe-Intanethi, u-Edison uye wanda kakhulu, futhi uTesla usephenduke into engaqondakali.

usosayensi ngokulingana no-Einstein ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi.Izikhalo zabo nazo seziphenduke undabamlonyeni.

Namuhla sizoqala ngempi kagesi equbuke phakathi kwalaba ababili.Ngeke sikhulume ngebhizinisi noma ngabantu

izinhliziyo, kodwa khuluma kuphela ngalawa maqiniso ajwayelekile futhi athakazelisayo avela ezimisweni zobuchwepheshe.

Njengoba sonke sazi, empini yamanje phakathi kukaTesla no-Edison, u-Edison wamkhungathekisa uTesla, kodwa ekugcineni.

kwehlulekile ngokobuchwepheshe, futhi ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kwaba ukubusa okuphelele kwesistimu yamandla.Manje izingane ziyakwazi lokho

Amandla e-AC asetshenziswa ekhaya, kungani u-Edison ekhethe amandla e-DC?Isistimu kagesi ye-AC imele kanjani

nguTesla wehlula i-DC?

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngalezi zinkinga, kufanele siqale sikucacise ukuthi uTesla akayena umsunguli we-alternating current.Faraday

wayazi indlela yokukhiqiza i-alternating current lapho efunda isenzeko sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ngo-1831,

ngaphambi kokuthi uTesla azalwe.Ngesikhathi uTesla esemusha, kwakunama-alternator amakhulu.

Eqinisweni, lokho uTesla akwenza kwakuseduze kakhulu ne-Watt, okwakuwukuthuthukisa i-alternator ukuze ifaneleke kakhulu ngezinga elikhulu.

Amasistimu wamandla we-AC.Lokhu futhi kungezinye zezinto ezibe nomthelela ekunqobeni kohlelo lwe-AC kule mpi yamanje.Ngokufanayo,

U-Edison wayengeyena umsunguli wamajeneretha amanje kanye namanje aqondile, kodwa futhi wadlala indima ebalulekile

ukukhuthazwa kwamandla aqondile.

Ngakho-ke, akuyona impi engaka phakathi kukaTesla no-Edison njengoba kuyimpi phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili zokuphakela amandla kanye nebhizinisi.

amaqembu emva kwabo.

PS: Ngesikhathi ngibheka imininingwane, ngabona ukuthi abanye abantu bathi uRaday wasungula i-alternator yokuqala emhlabeni -

ii-disc generator.Eqinisweni, lesi sitatimende asilungile.Kungabonakala kumdwebo we-schematic ukuthi i-disc generator iyi-

Ijeneretha ye-DC.

Kungani u-Edison ekhethe isimanjemanje

Uhlelo lwamandla lungahlukaniswa kalula lube izingxenye ezintathu: ukukhiqizwa kwamandla (ijeneretha) - ukudluliswa kwamandla (ukusabalalisa)

(ama-transformers,imigqa, ukushintshwa, njll.) - ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (imishini ehlukahlukene kagesi).

Enkathini ka-Edison (1980s), uhlelo lwamandla e-DC lwalunejeneretha ye-DC evuthiwe yokuphehla ugesi, futhi yayingadingeki i-transformer.

okweukudluliswa kwamandla, inqobo nje uma izintambo zisamisiwe.

Ngokuqondene nomthwalo, ngaleso sikhathi wonke umuntu wayesebenzisa ugesi ikakhulukazi emisebenzini emibili, ukukhanyisa nokushayela izinjini.Okwezibani ze-incandescent

esetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa,inqobo nje uma i-voltage izinzile, akunandaba ukuthi i-DC noma i-AC.Ngokuqondene nezinjini, ngenxa yezizathu zobuchwepheshe,

Amamotho e-AC awakaze asetshenzisweezentengiselwano, futhi wonke umuntu usebenzisa ama-DC motors.Kule ndawo, isistimu yamandla ye-DC ingaba

wathi izindlela zombili.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-direct current inenzuzo ukuthi i-alternating current ayikwazi ukufana, futhi ilungele ukugcinwa,

inqobo nje uma lisekhona ibhethri,ingagcinwa.Uma isistimu yokuphakela amandla ihluleka, ingashintshela ebhethrini ukuze ithole amandla

isimo esiphuthumayo.Eyethu evame ukusetshenziswaIsistimu ye-UPS empeleni iyibhethri le-DC, kodwa iguqulwa ibe amandla e-AC ekugcineni kokuphumayo

ngobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi.Ngisho nezitshalo zikagesifuthi iziteshi ezincane kufanele zifakwe amabhethri e-DC ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla

ukuhlinzekwa kwemishini ebalulekile.

Ngakho-ke, ukushintshashintsha kwamanje kwakubukeka kanjani ngaleso sikhathi?Kungashiwo ukuthi akekho ongalwa.Amajeneretha e-AC Akhulile - awekho;

ama-transformers okudlulisa amandla - ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kakhulu (ukungabaza kanye nokuvuza okubangelwa umugqa wesakhiwo se-iron core kukhulu);

mayelana nabasebenzisi,uma ama-DC motors exhunywe kumandla we-AC, asazoqhubeka Cishe, angabhekwa kuphela njengomhlobiso.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi - ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kubi kakhulu.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukushintshwa kwamanje akukwazi ukugcinwa

njengokuqondileokwamanje, kodwa isistimu yamanje eshintshanayo yasebenzisa imithwalo yochungechunge ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ukwengeza noma ukususa umthwalo kulayini

dala izinguquko kui-voltage yawo wonke umugqa.Akekho ofuna amalambu akhe alokoze alokoze uma izibani zikamakhelwane zikhanyiswa futhi zivalekile.

Ukuthi Ukushintshana Kwamanje Kwavela Kanjani

Ubuchwepheshe buyathuthuka, futhi ngokushesha, ngo-1884, abantu baseHungary basungula i-transformer esebenza kahle kakhulu evaliwe.Umnyombo wensimbi we

le transformeryakha isifunda samagnetic esiphelele, esingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer futhi sigweme ukulahlekelwa amandla.

Ngokuyisisekelo kuyafanaisakhiwo njenge-transformer esiyisebenzisayo namuhla.Izinkinga zokuzinza nazo ziyaxazululwa njengoba lunjalo uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngochungechunge

ithathelwe indawo isistimu yokuhlinzeka ngokuhambisana.Ngala mathuba, uTesla wagcina efikile endaweni, futhi wasungula i-alternator esebenzayo

engasetshenziswa nalolu hlobo olusha lwe-transformer.Eqinisweni, ngesikhathi esifanayo noTesla, kwakukhona inqwaba yamalungelo obunikazi ahlobene

kuma-alternators, kodwa uTesla wayenezinzuzo eziningi, futhi waziswa nguWestinghouse futhi wakhuthazwa ngezinga elikhulu.

Ngokuqondene nesidingo sikagesi, uma kungekho sidingo, bese udala isidingo.Uhlelo lwangaphambilini lwamandla e-AC bekuyisigaba esisodwa se-AC,

kanye noTeslausungule injini ye-AC esebenzayo enezigaba eziningi, enikeze i-AC ithuba lokukhombisa amakhono ayo.

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zamanje okushintshana ngezigaba eziningi, njengesakhiwo esilula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zezintambo zokudlulisela kanye nogesi.

impahla,futhi ekhetheke kakhulu iku-motor drive.I-Multi-phase alternating current yakhiwa i-sinusoidal alternating current ne

i-engeli ethile yesigabaumehluko.Njengoba sonke sazi, ukushintsha kwamanje kungadala ukushintsha kwamandla kazibuthe.Shintsha ukuze ushintshe.Uma i

Ukuhlelwa kunengqondo, kazibutheinkambu izozungezisa imvamisa ethile.Uma isetshenziswa injini, ingashayela i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze,

okuyi-multi-phase AC motor.I-motor eyasungulwa nguTesla ngokusekelwe kulesi simiso ayidingi ngisho nokuhlinzeka ngogesi kazibuthe

i-rotor, eyenza kalula isakhiwokanye nezindleko zemoto.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imoto kagesi kaMusk "Tesla" nayo isebenzisa i-AC asynchronous

amamotho, ngokungafani nezimoto zikagesi zezwe lami ezisebenzisa kakhuluama-synchronous motors.

Lapho sifika lapha, sithole ukuthi amandla e-AC ahambisana ne-DC mayelana nokuphehlwa kukagesi, ukudluliswa nokusetshenziswa,

ngakho-ke yandiza kanjani esibhakabhakeni futhi yathatha yonke imakethe kagesi?

Isihluthulelo sisezindlekweni.Umehluko ekulahlekeni kwenqubo yokudlulisela kokubili ukhulise ngokuphelele igebe phakathi

Ukudluliswa kwe-DC ne-AC.

Uma ufunde ulwazi oluyisisekelo lukagesi, uzokwazi ukuthi ekudlulisweni kwamandla okude, i-voltage ephansi izoholela

ukulahlekelwa okukhulu.Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuvela ekushiseni okukhiqizwa ukumelana nomugqa, okuzokwandisa izindleko zesikhungo samandla mahhala.

I-voltage ephumayo ye-Edison's DC generator ingu-110V.I-voltage ephansi kanjalo idinga ukuthi kufakwe isiteshi sikagesi eduze komsebenzisi ngamunye.Ku

izindawo ezisebenzisa amandla amakhulu nabasebenzisi abaminyene, uhla lokuphakela amandla lungamakhilomitha ambalwa nje.Ngokwesibonelo, u-Edison

wakha uhlelo lokuqala lokuphakelwa kukagesi lwe-DC eBeijing ngo-1882, olwalunganikeza abasebenzisi amandla kuphela endaweni eyi-1.5km eduze kwesikhungo sikagesi.

Ingasaphathwa yezindleko zengqalasizinda yezitshalo eziningi eziphehla ugesi, umthombo wamandla wezitshalo zikagesi nawo uyinkinga enkulu.Ngaleso sikhathi,

ukuze kongiwe izindleko, kwakungcono kwakhiwe izindawo zokuphehla ugesi eduze nemifula, ukuze zikwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi ngokuqondile emanzini.Nokho,

ukuze kuhlinzekwe ugesi ezindaweni ezikude nemithombo yamanzi, amandla ashisayo kufanele asetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ugesi, kanye nezindleko

lamalahle avuthayo nawo ande kakhulu.

Enye inkinga iphinde idalwa wukudluliswa kwamandla amabanga amade.Uma umugqa umude, ukumelana okukhulu, i-voltage eyengeziwe

ukwehla emgqeni, futhi i-voltage yomsebenzisi ekupheleni okude kakhulu ingase ibe phansi kangangokuthi ingasetshenziswa.Isixazululo kuphela ukwandisa

i-voltage ephumayo yesikhungo samandla, kodwa izobangela ukuthi i-voltage yabasebenzisi abaseduze ibe phezulu kakhulu, futhi yini okufanele ngiyenze uma isisetshenziswa

ushile?

Ayikho inkinga enjalo ngokushintshana kwamandla.Inqobo nje uma i-transformer isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa i-voltage, ukudluliswa kwamandla amashumi

amakhilomitha akuyona inkinga.Isistimu yokuqala kagesi ye-AC eNyakatho Melika ingasebenzisa i-voltage engu-4000V ukuze inikeze abasebenzisi amandla ku-21km kude.

Kamuva, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwamandla e-Westinghouse AC, kwakungenzeka ukuthi i-Niagara Falls inike amandla i-Fabro, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-30.

Ngeshwa, i-direct current ayikwazi ukukhushulwa ngale ndlela.Ngoba umgomo owamukelwe yi-AC boost ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic,

kalula nje, ukushintsha kwamanje ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-transformer kukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo, kanye nensimu yamagnetic eshintshayo

ikhiqiza i-voltage eshintshwayo (i-electromotive force) ngakolunye uhlangothi.Isihluthulelo sokuthi i-transformer isebenze ukuthi yamanje kufanele

ushintsho, okuyilokho kanye i-DC engenakho.

Ngemva kokuhlangabezana nalolu chungechunge lwezimo zobuchwepheshe, isistimu yokuphakela amandla kagesi ye-AC yawahlula ngokuphelele amandla e-DC ngezindleko zawo eziphansi.

Inkampani kagesi yakwa-Edison DC yasheshe yahlelwa kabusha yaba enye inkampani edumile kagesi - iGeneral Electric yase-United States..