Imigqa edlulisa amandla kagesi isuka ezimbonini zikagesi iye ezikhungweni zokulayisha amandla kanye nemigqa yokuxhuma phakathi kwamasistimu kagesi ngokuvamile

ebizwa ngokuthi imigqa yokudlulisela.Ubuchwepheshe obusha belayini kagesi esikhuluma ngabo namuhla abuyona into entsha, futhi bungaqhathaniswa kuphela futhi

sisetshenziswe kamuva kunemigqa yethu evamile.Iningi lalobu buchwepheshe "obusha" buvuthiwe futhi busetshenziswa kakhulu kugridi yethu yamandla.Namuhla, evamile

amafomu olayini wokudlulisa alokho okubizwa ngobuchwepheshe bethu “obusha” afingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Ubuchwepheshe begridi yamandla amakhulu

“Igridi yamandla amakhulu” isho isistimu yamandla exhumene, isistimu yamandla ehlangene noma isistimu yamandla ehlanganisiwe eyakhiwe ukuxhumana.

yamagridi kagesi endawo amaningi noma amagridi kagesi esifunda.Isistimu yamandla exhumene iwukuxhumanisa okuvumelanayo kwenombolo encane

izindawo zokuxhuma phakathi kwamagridi kagesi ezifunda kanye namagridi kagesi kazwelonke;Isistimu yamandla ehlanganisiwe inezici zokuxhumanisa

ukuhlela nokuthunyelwa ngokwezinkontileka noma izivumelwano.Amasistimu wamandla amancane amabili noma ngaphezulu axhunywe igridi yamandla ngokuhambisana

ukusebenza, okungakha uhlelo lwamandla lwesifunda.Inani lezinhlelo zamandla ezifunda zixhunywe ngamagridi kagesi ukuze zakhe amandla ahlangene

uhlelo.Isistimu yamandla ehlanganisiwe iwuhlelo lwamandla olunokuhlelwa okuhlangene, ukwakhiwa okuhlangene, ukuthumela okuhlangene nokusebenza.

Igridi yamandla amakhulu inezici eziyisisekelo ze-ultra-high voltage kanye negridi yokudlulisa kagesi ephezulu kakhulu, umthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa

kanye nokudluliselwa kwebanga elide.Igridi iqukethe inethiwekhi yokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu, i-ultra-high voltage AC transmission network kanye

Inethiwekhi yokudlulisa i-ultra-high voltage AC, kanye nenethiwekhi yokudlulisa kagesi ephezulu kakhulu ye-DC kanye nenethiwekhi yokudlulisa enamandla kakhulu ye-DC,

ukwakha isistimu yamandla yesimanje enezingqimba, zone futhi isakhiwo esicacile.

Umkhawulo womthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa omkhulu kanye nokudluliswa kwebanga elide kuhlobene namandla okudlulisela emvelo kanye ne-wave impedance

yomugqa onezinga le-voltage elihambisanayo.Uma izinga le-voltage yomugqa liphakeme, amandla emvelo ewadluliselayo aba mancane, igagasi liba mancane

I-impedance, ibanga lokudlulisela likude kanye nobukhulu bebanga lokumboza.Ukuxhumana kunamandla phakathi kwamagridi wamandla

noma izifunda amandla amagridi kuyinto.Ukuzinza kwayo yonke igridi yamandla ngemva kokuxhumana kuhlobene nekhono legridi yamandla ngayinye ukusekela ngayinye

okunye uma kwenzeka kwehluleki, okusho ukuthi, amandla okushintshana emigqa ebophayo aba makhulu phakathi kwamagridi kagesi noma amagridi kagesi wesifunda, ukusondelana kokuxhumana,

futhi ukusebenza kwegridi kuzinzile.

Igridi kagesi iyinethiwekhi yokudlulisa eyakhiwe iziteshi ezincane, iziteshi zokusabalalisa, izintambo zikagesi nezinye izinsiza zokuphakela ugesi.Phakathi kwazo,

inombolo enkulu yezintambo zokudlulisa ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu likagesi kanye neziteshi ezincane ezihambisanayo zakha igridi yomgogodla wokudlulisa

inethiwekhi.Igridi yamandla wesifunda isho igridi yamandla yezitshalo ezinkulu ezinamandla okulawula amandla aphezulu, njengezifunda eziyisithupha zaseChina.

amagridi kagesi wesifunda, lapho igridi kagesi yesifunda ngayinye inezimboni ezinkulu zamandla ashisayo kanye nezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezithunyelwa ngokuqondile yi-grid bureau.

Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa obuncane

Umgomo oyisisekelo wobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa i-compact ukukhulisa ukwakheka komqhubi wemigqa yokudlulisela, ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwezigaba,

ukwandisa ukuhlukaniswa kwama-conductor ahlanganisiwe (ama-conductor amancane) futhi kwandiswe inani lama-conductor ahlanganisiwe (ama-conductor angaphansi, Kungumsebenzi wezomnotho.

ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa obungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla okudlulisela emvelo, futhi ilawule ukuphazamiseka komsakazo kanye nokulahleka kwe-corona ngesikhathi

izinga elamukelekayo, ukuze kuncishiswe isibalo samasekhethi okudlulisa, cindezela ububanzi bemihubhe kalayini, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, njll., futhi kuthuthukiswe

umthamo wokudlulisa.

Izici eziyisisekelo zezintambo zokudlulisela ezihlangene ze-EHV AC uma ziqhathaniswa nelayini evamile yokudlulisela yilezi:

① I-conductor yesigaba isebenzisa isakhiwo sokuhlukaniswa okuningi futhi ikhuphule isikhala somqhubi;

② Yehlisa ibanga phakathi kwezigaba.Ukuze ugweme ukujikeleza okufushane phakathi kwezigaba ezibangelwa ukudlidliza komqhubi womoya, i-spacer isetshenziselwa

lungisa ibanga phakathi kwezigaba;

③ Isigxobo kanye nesakhiwo sombhoshongo ngaphandle kohlaka kuzokwamukelwa.

Ilayini engu-500kV Luobai I-circuit AC transmission line eyamukele ubuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwe-compact iLuoping Baise ingxenye ye-500kV.

Iphrojekthi ye-Tianguang IV yokudlulisa kanye nenguquko yesifunda.Kungokokuqala e-China ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye ne-long-

imigqa yebanga.Iphrojekthi yokudluliswa kukagesi kanye noguquko yaqala ukusebenza ngoJuni 2005, futhi izinzile njengamanje.

Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa i-compact abukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa kakhulu amandla okudlulisela emvelo, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukudluliswa kwamandla

umhubhe ngo-27.4 mu ngekhilomitha, onganciphisa ngempumelelo inani lokugawulwa kwamahlathi, isinxephezelo sezitshalo ezisencane kanye nokubhidlizwa kwezindlu,

izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho nezenhlalo.

Njengamanje, i-China Southern Power Grid ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwe-compact ku-500kV Guizhou Shibing kuya e-Guangdong.

I-Xianlingshan, i-Yunnan 500kV Dehong kanye namanye amaphrojekthi okudlulisa amandla nokuguqula.

Ukudluliswa kwe-HVDC

Ukudluliswa kwe-HVDC kulula ukubona inethiwekhi engavumelanisi;Iyonga kakhulu kunokudluliswa kwe-AC ngaphezu kwebanga elibalulekile lokudlulisela;

Iphaseji yolayini efanayo ingadlulisela amandla amaningi kune-AC, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudluliseleni umthamo omkhulu wamabanga amade, inethiwekhi yesistimu yamandla,

Ikhebula elihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi elihamba ibanga elide noma ukudluliswa kwekhebula elingaphansi komhlaba emadolobheni amakhulu, ukuhanjiswa kwe-DC ukukhanya kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, njll.

Uhlelo lwamanje lokudluliswa kwamandla luvamise ukwakhiwa ngama-voltage aphezulu kakhulu, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu kwe-DC kanye nokudluliswa kwe-AC.I-UHV ne-UHV

Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa i-DC bunezici zebanga elide lokudlulisela, umthamo omkhulu wokudlulisela, ukulawula okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuthumela okulula.

Kumaphrojekthi okudlulisa amandla e-DC anamandla okudluliswa kwamandla angaba ngu-1000km namandla okudluliswa kwamandla angeqi ku-3 million kW,

± 500kV izinga likagesi ngokuvamile liyamukelwa;Uma amandla okudluliswa kwamandla edlula 3 million kW nebanga lokudluliswa kwamandla lidlula

1500km, izinga likagesi elingu-± 600kV noma ngaphezulu liyamukelwa;Uma ibanga lika-transmission lifinyelela cishe ku-2000km, kubalulekile ukucabangela

amazinga kagesi aphezulu ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinsiza zephaseji kalayini, kuncishiswe inani lamasekhethi okudlulisela kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisela.

Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa i-HVDC wukusebenzisa izakhi ze-elekthronikhi ezinamandla amakhulu, ezifana ne-high-voltage high-power thyristor, turnoff silicon controlled.

I-GTO, isango elihlanganisiwe le-bipolar transistor IGBT nezinye izingxenye zokwenza imishini yokulungiswa kabusha nokuguqula ukuze kuzuzwe i-high-voltage, ibanga elide.

ukudluliswa kwamandla.Ubuchwepheshe obufanele buhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ikhompuyutha, obusha

izinto zokuhlanganisa, i-fiber optical, i-superconductivity, ukulingisa kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu yamandla, ukulawula nokuhlela.

Uhlelo lokudlulisa lwe-HVDC luwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olwakhiwe iqembu le-valve yokuguqulela, i-converter transformer, isihlungi se-DC, i-reactor ebushelelezi, ukudluliselwa kwe-DC

ulayini, isihlungi samandla ohlangothini lwe-AC kanye nohlangothi lwe-DC, idivayisi yesinxephezelo samandla asebenzayo, i-switchgear ye-DC, idivayisi yokuvikela nokulawula, okokusebenza okuyizisekelo kanye

ezinye izingxenye (amasistimu).Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe iziteshi ezimbili zokuguqulela kanye nemigqa yokudlulisa ye-DC, exhunywe nezinhlelo ze-AC kuzo zombili iziphetho.

Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokudluliswa kwe-DC bugxile kumishini yesiteshi sokuguqula.Isiteshi sokuguqula sibona ukuguqulwa kwe-DC kanye

AC.Isiteshi sokuguqula sihlanganisa isiteshi sokulungisa kabusha kanye nesiteshi se-inverter.Isiteshi esilungisa kabusha siguqula amandla e-AC ezigaba ezintathu abe amandla e-DC, kanye ne-

inverter station iguqula amandla e-DC esuka kolayini be-DC abe amandla e-AC.I-valve yokuguqula iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokubona ukuguqulwa phakathi kwe-DC ne-AC

esiteshini sokuguqulela.Ngokusebenza, isiguquli sizokhiqiza ama-harmonics ahleleke kakhulu ohlangothini lwe-AC kanye nohlangothi lwe-DC, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic,

ukulawula okungazinzile kwemishini yokuguqula, ukushisa ngokweqile kwamajeneretha nama-capacitor, nokuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokuxhumana.Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela

kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo.Isihlungi sisethwe esiteshini sokuguqulela sohlelo lokudlulisa lwe-DC ukuze lumunce ama-harmonics e-oda eliphezulu.Ngaphezu kokumunca

ama-harmonics, isihlungi esisohlangothini lwe-AC siphinde sinikeze amandla athile ayisisekelo asebenzayo, isihlungi eseceleni kwe-DC sisebenzisa i-reactor eshelelayo ukukhawulela i-harmonic.

Isiteshi sokuguqula

Ukudluliswa kwe-UHV

Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-UHV kunezici zomthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa amandla, ibanga elide lokudluliswa kwamandla, ukumbozwa okubanzi, umugqa wokonga

amaphasishi, ukulahleka okuncane kokudlulisela, kanye nokuzuza uhla olubanzi lokucushwa kokulungiselelwa kwezinsiza.Ingenza igridi yomgogodla wamandla e-UHV

igridi ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukwakheka komthwalo, umthamo wokudlulisa, ukushintshana kwamandla nezinye izidingo.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV AC kanye ne-UHV DC kunezinzuzo zako siqu.Ngokuvamile, ukudluliswa kwe-UHV AC kulungele ukwakhiwa kwegridi yamandla kagesi aphezulu

izinga kanye nemigqa yesifunda enqamulayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwesistimu;Ukuhanjiswa kwe-UHV DC kulungele umthamo omkhulu webanga elide

ukudluliswa kweziteshi ezinkulu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi kanye neziteshi ezinkulu zokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho wokwakhiwa kwezintambo zokuphehla ugesi.

Ulayini wokudlulisa we-UHV AC ungowolayini omude ofanayo, obonakala ngokuthi ukumelana, inductance, capacitance kanye conductance.

eceleni kolayini zisatshalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo nangokulinganayo kuwo wonke ulayini wokudlulisela.Lapho kuxoxwa ngezinkinga, izici zikagesi ze

umugqa uvame ukuchazwa yi-resistance r1, inductance L1, capacitance C1 kanye ne-conductance g1 ngobude beyunithi.I-impedance yesici

kanye ne-propagation coefficient yezintambo zokudlulisa ezinde ezifanayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukulungela ukusebenza kwemigqa yokudlulisa ye-EHV.

Isistimu yokudlulisa ye-AC eguquguqukayo

I-Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) iwuhlelo lokudlulisa i-AC olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bamandla kagesi, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics,

ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokulawula ukulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo nangokushesha nokulawula ukuhamba kwamandla kanye nemingcele yesistimu yamandla,

ukwandisa ukulawulwa kwesistimu futhi uthuthukise umthamo wokudlulisela.Ubuchwepheshe be-FACTS ubuchwepheshe obusha bokudlulisa i-AC, obaziwa nangokuthi i-flexible

(noma eguquguqukayo) ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukudluliswa.Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-FACTS akukwazi kuphela ukulawula ukugeleza kwamandla ebangeni elikhulu futhi kutholwe

ukusatshalaliswa okufanelekile kokugeleza kwamandla, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwesistimu yamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umthamo wokudlulisa wentambo yokudlulisela.

Ubuchwepheshe be-FACTS busetshenziswa ohlelweni lokusabalalisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yamandla.Ibizwa nge-flexible AC transmission system DFACTS ye

uhlelo lokusabalalisa noma ubuchwepheshe bamandla omthengi CPT.Kwezinye izincwadi, kubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bamandla ekhwalithi engashintshi noma amandla enziwe ngokwezifiso

ubuchwepheshe.