Yiziphi izincazelo kanye nezidingoisisekelo sikagesi?

Izindlela zokuvikela zokucushwa kwesistimu kagesi zihlanganisa: isisekelo esivikelayo, uxhumano oluvikelayo olungathathi hlangothi, ukubeka phansi okuphindaphindiwe,

ukusebenza phansi, njll. Ukuxhumana okuhle kukagesi phakathi kwengxenye yezinto zikagesi nomhlaba kubizwa ngokuthi i-grounding.Insimbi

I-conductor noma iqembu lensimbi elithintana ngqo nomhlabathi libizwa ngokuthi umzimba ophansi: umqhubi wensimbi oxhumanisa umhlabathi.

ukugxilisa ingxenye yezinto zikagesi emzimbeni ophansi kubizwa ngokuthi i-grounding wire;Umzimba ophansi kanye nentambo yaphansi kukhona

ngokuqoqiwe okubizwa ngokuthi amadivaysi aphansi.

Grounding umqondo kanye nohlobo

(1) Isisekelo sokuvikela umbani: ukubeka phansi ngenhloso yokuletha umbani ngokushesha emhlabeni nokuvikela ukulimala kombani.

Uma idivayisi yokuvikela umbani yabelana ngegridi evamile yokusekela kanye nesisekelo esisebenzayo semishini ye-telegraph, ukumelana nokuqina.

izohlangabezana nezidingo ezincane.

(2) I-AC working grounding: uxhumano lwensimbi phakathi kwephoyinti ohlelweni lwamandla kanye nomhlaba ngokuqondile noma ngokusebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile.Iyasebenza

ukugxilisa ngokuyinhloko kubhekisela ekusekelweni kwephoyinti elingathathi hlangothi le-transformer noma umugqa ophakathi nendawo (umugqa ongu-N).Intambo engu-N kufanele kube i-copper core insulated wire.Lapho

amatheminali asizayo e-equipotential ekusabalaliseni amandla, futhi amatheminali e-equipotential ngokuvamile akukhabhinethi.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi

i-terminal block ayikwazi ukudalulwa;Akumele ihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlelo zokubeka phansi, njenge-DC grounding, i-shielding grounding, i-anti-static

ukubeka phansi, njll;Ayikwazi ukuxhunywa nolayini we-PE.

(3) Isisekelo sokuvikela ukuphepha: isisekelo sokuvikela ukuphepha ukwenza ukuxhumana okuhle kwensimbi phakathi kwengxenye yensimbi engashajwa kagesi.

imishini kanye nomzimba ophansi.Impahla kagesi esakhiweni kanye nezinye izingxenye zensimbi eduze kwempahla kuxhunywe nazo

PE imigqa, kodwa kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuxhuma imigqa ye-PE nemigqa engu-N.

(4) Isisekelo se-DC: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuzinza kwempahla ye-elekthronikhi ngayinye, amandla okubhekisela azinzile kufanele ahlinzekwe ngaphezu kwalokho.

ekunikezeni amandla okuzinzile.I-copper core wire ehlanganisiwe enendawo enkulu yesigaba ingasetshenziswa njengomthofu, umkhawulo owodwa oxhumeke ngokuqondile

amandla okubhekisela, kanti omunye umkhawulo usetshenziselwa ukumiswa kwe-DC kwemishini kagesi.

(5) I-Anti static grounding: isisekelo sokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kukagesi ongashintshi okhiqizwa endaweni eyomile yegumbi lekhompyutha

Isakhiwo esihlakaniphile emishinini kagesi sibizwa ngokuthi i-anti-static grounding.

(6) Isisekelo sokuvikela: ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka kwamagnetic kwangaphandle, ucingo oluvikelayo noma ipayipi lensimbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-elekthronikhi.

indawo ebiyelwe ngemishini kanye nezinto zokusebenza zisekelwe phansi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-shielding grounding.

(7) Uhlelo lokumisa amandla: ezintweni zikagesi, ukuvimbela ukuphazamisa kwamandla kagesi wamafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene ukuthi angangeni ngamandla e-AC kanye ne-DC.

imigqa futhi ethinta ukusebenza kwezimpawu ezisezingeni eliphansi, izihlungi ze-AC ne-DC zifakiwe.Ukubekwa phansi kwezihlungi kubizwa ngokuthi i-power grounding.

Imisebenzi yokubeka phansi ihlukaniswe yaba isisekelo esivikelayo, isisekelo sokusebenza kanye nesisekelo esiphikisana ne-static

(1) Amagobolondo ensimbi, ukhonkolo, izigxobo, njll. zempahla kagesi zingafakwa ugesi ngenxa yomonakalo wokushisisa.Ukuze ugweme lesi simo

beka engcupheni ukuphepha komuntu siqu nokugwema izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi, amagobolondo ensimbi emishini kagesi axhunywe nensiza yaphansi.

ukuvikela isisekelo.Lapho umzimba womuntu uthinta izinto zikagesi ngegobolondo elifakwe ugesi, ukumelana nokuxhumana kwesisekelo

umzimba ungaphansi kakhulu kunokumelana nomzimba womuntu, Iningi lamanje lingena emhlabeni ngomzimba ophansi, futhi ingxenye encane kuphela egeleza.

umzimba womuntu, ongeke ubeke ukuphila komuntu engozini.

(2) Ukubekwa phansi okwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile kwempahla kagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile nezengozi kubizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza

ukubeka phansi.Isibonelo, ukugxiliswa okuqondile kanye nokugxiliswa okungaqondile kwendawo engathathi hlangothi kanye nokumiswa okuphindaphindiwe komugqa onguziro nombani.

Isisekelo sokuvikela siyisisekelo esisebenzayo.Ukuze ungenise umbani emhlabathini, xhuma indawo yokugcina umbani

imishini yokuvikela (induku yombani, njll.) phansi ukuze kuqedwe ukulimala kokugcwala kombani ezintweni zikagesi, impahla yomuntu siqu,

eyaziwa nangokuthi i-overvoltage protection grounding.

(3) Ukubekwa phansi kukawoyela kaphethiloli, amathangi okugcina igesi yemvelo, amapayipi, izinto zikagesi, njll. kubizwa ngokuthi i-anti-static grounding ukuvimbela umthelela.

izingozi ze-electrostatic.

Izidingo zokufaka idivayisi ephansi

(1) Intambo yaphansi ngokuvamile iyinsimbi eyisicaba engu-40mm × 4mm.

(2) Umzimba ophansi kufanele kube ipayipi lensimbi ekhangayo noma insimbi ye-engeli.Ububanzi bepayipi lensimbi buyi-50mm, ubukhulu bodonga lwamapayipi abukho ngaphansi

ngaphezu kuka-3.5mm, futhi ubude buyi-2-3 m.50mm nge-engeli yensimbi × 50mm × 5 mm.

(3) Ubude bomzimba ophansi buqhele ngo-0.5~0.8m ukusuka emhlabathini ukuze kugwenywe ukuncibilika komhlabathi.Inani lamapayipi ensimbi noma izinsimbi ze-engeli lincike

phezu kwenhlabathi ukumelana nomzimba ophansi, ngokuvamile angabi ngaphansi kwamabili, futhi isikhala phakathi kwendawo ngayinye si-3 ~ 5m.

(4) Ibanga eliphakathi kwendawo ephansi nesakhiwo lizoba ngaphezu kuka-1.5m, kanye nebanga phakathi kwendawo ephansi kanye nesakhiwo.

umzimba ozimele wenduku yombani kufanele ube ngaphezu kwama-3m.

(5) I-Lap welding izosetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ucingo lwaphansi kanye nomzimba ophansi.

Izindlela zokunciphisa ukumelana nenhlabathi

(1) Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwensiza ephansi, ukumelana nenhlabathi ezungeze umzimba ophansi kuzoqondwa.Uma iphezulu kakhulu,

kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inani lokumelana nesisekelo liyafaneleka.

(2) Shintsha isakhiwo senhlabathi ezungeze inhlabathi ephansi phakathi kuka-2 ~ 3m wenhlabathi ezungeze umzimba ophansi, bese wengeza izinto eziyisisekelo.

ayingeneli emanzini futhi ibe nokumunca kahle kwamanzi, njengamalahle, i-coke cinder noma i-slag.Le ndlela inganciphisa ukumelana nomhlabathi

yokuqala 15 ~ 110.

(3) Sebenzisa usawoti namalahle ukunciphisa ukumelana nomhlabathi.Sebenzisa usawoti namalahle ukuze uhlanganise izingqimba.Amalahle kanye nenhle ixubene ibe ungqimba, mayelana

Ugqinsi luka-10 ~ 15cm, bese kuthi u-2~3cm kasawoti ugandaywe, ingqikithi yezingqimba ezingu-5~8.Ngemuva kokuvula, shayela emzimbeni ophansi.Le ndlela inganciphisa

ukumelana nokwangempela kwe-13 ~ 15.Kodwa-ke, usawoti uzolahleka namanzi agelezayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuwugcwalisa futhi

eminyakeni emibili.

(4) Ukumelana nenhlabathi kungancishiswa kube ngama-40% ngokusebenzisa isinciphisi sokumelana namakhemikhali esisebenza isikhathi eside.Ukumelana okuphansi kwemishini kagesi

izohlolwa kanye ngonyaka entwasahlobo nasekwindla lapho kunemvula encane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isisekelo sifanelekile.Ngokuvamile, okukhethekile

izinsimbi (ezifana ne-ZC-8 grounding resistance tester) zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola, futhi indlela ye-ammeter voltmeter nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola.

Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwesisekelo kuhlanganisa

(1) Ukuthi amabhawudi axhumayo axegekile noma agqwalile.

(2) Ukuthi ukugqwala kocingo lwaphansi kanye nomzimba waphansi ngaphansi komhlaba kuphelile yini.

(3) Ukuthi intambo yaphansi ephansi yonakele, iphukile, igqwalile, njll.

ulayini, uzoba nesigaba esingekho ngaphansi kuka-16 mm2 socingo lwe-aluminium futhi singabi ngaphansi kuka-10 mm2 kocingo lwethusi.

(4) Ukuze kuhlonzwe ukusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwamakhondakta ahlukahlukene, ulayini wesigaba, ulayini onguziro osebenzayo kanye nolayini wokuvikela kuzohlukaniswa

imibala ehlukene ukuze uvimbele umugqa wesigaba ukuthi ungaxutshaniswa nolayini oziro noma umugqa onguziro osebenzayo ukuthi ungaxutshwa noziro ovikelayo.

umugqa.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumeka okulungile kwamasokhethi ahlukahlukene, imodi yokusabalalisa amandla yezintambo zezigaba ezintathu izosetshenziswa.

(5) Ngomshini wokushintsha umoya ozishintshayo noma ifyuzi kagesi ekugcineni komsebenzisi, isigaba esisodwa sokuvuza kwesivikelo sizofakwa kuso.Imigqa yomsebenzisi

osekunesikhathi eside ingalungiseki, ukuguga kokuguga noma umthwalo owengeziwe, futhi isigaba asincane, kufanele sishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

ukuqeda izingozi zomlilo kagesi futhi unikeze izimo zokusebenza okujwayelekile komvikeli wokuvuza.

(6) Kunoma yikuphi, ucingo oluyisisekelo oluvikelayo kanye nentambo engathathi hlangothi yezinto ezintathu zesistimu yezintambo ezinhlanu ohlelweni lukagesi lwamandla akufanele

ibe ngaphansi kwe-1/2 yomugqa wesigaba, kanye nentambo yaphansi kanye nentambo emaphakathi yesistimu yokukhanyisa, noma ngabe izinto ezintathu izintambo ezinhlanu noma into eyodwa yesithathu

isistimu yocingo, kufanele ifane nolayini wento.

(7) Umugqa oyinhloko wesisekelo sokusebenza kanye nesisekelo sokuvikela sivunyelwe ukwaba, kodwa isigaba saso akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwengxenye yesigaba.

yomugqa wesigaba.

(8) Ukubekwa phansi kwensiza ngayinye kagesi kuyoxhunywa entanjeni eyinhloko yaphansi ngocingo oluhlukile lokubeka phansi.Ayivunyelwe ukuxhuma

amadivaysi kagesi amaningana adinga ukumiswa ngochungechunge ocingweni olulodwa lwaphansi.

(9) Ingxenye yocingo lwethusi olungenalutho lwebhokisi lokusabalalisa elingu-380V, ibhokisi lamandla okulungisa kanye nebhokisi lamandla okukhanyisa kuyoba>>4 mm.², isigaba

yocingo lwe-aluminium olungenalutho kufanele ibe>>6 mm2, ingxenye yocingo lwethusi oluvalekile ibe>2.5 mm2, futhi ingxenye yocingo lwe-aluminium evalekile iyoba>4 mm.².

(10) Ibanga phakathi kocingo oluphansi nomhlaba kufanele libe ngu-250-300mm.

(11) Isisekelo esisebenzayo sizopendiwa ngaphezulu ngemithende ephuzi neluhlaza, isisekelo esiyisivikelo sizopendwe ngombala omnyama;

futhi umugqa ongathathi hlangothi wempahla uzopendwa ngophawu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhanyayo.

(12) Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa umgodla wensimbi noma inetha lensimbi lepayipi lesikhumba senyoka, ungqimba lwamapayipi okufakwa ngaphakathi kanye nomgodla wensimbi yekhebula njengocingo oluphansi.

(13) Uma ucingo lwaphansi lushiselwa, i-lap welding izosetshenziselwa ukushisela ucingo oluphansi.Ubude be-lap kumele buhlangabezane nezidingo zefulethi

insimbi iphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 ububanzi bayo (futhi okungenani imiphetho engu-3 ishiselwe), futhi insimbi eyindilinga iphindwe izikhathi ezi-6 ububanzi bayo (futhi i-welding ezinhlangothi zombili iyadingeka).Lapho i-

insimbi eyindilinga ixhunywe nensimbi eyisicaba, ubude be-welding ye-lap buyizikhathi ezingu-6 zensimbi eyindilinga (futhi i-welding enezinhlangothi ezimbili iyadingeka).

(14) Izintambo zethusi ne-aluminium kufanele ziboshwe ngezikulufo ukuze zixhumane ne-grounding bar, futhi akufanele zisonte.Lapho ithusi eliyisicaba

izintambo eziguquguqukayo zisetshenziswa njengezintambo eziphansi, ubude kufanele bufanele, futhi i-crimping lug izoxhunywa nesikulufu sokumisa phansi.

(15) Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwempahla, umqhubi kufanele abheke ukuthi intambo yaphansi yezinto zikagesi ixhumeke kahle yini

igridi yomhlabathi kanye nemishini kagesi, futhi akukho ukuphuka okunciphisa ingxenye yocingo oluphansi, ngaphandle kwalokho izophathwa njengesici.

(16) Ngesikhathi sokwamukela ukugcinwa kwezinto ezilungiswayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi intambo yaphansi yezinto zikagesi isesimweni esihle.

(17) UMnyango WeziNsiza kufanele uhlole njalo ukuma kwempahla kagesi, futhi wazise ngesikhathi ngokulungiswa uma kuba nanoma iyiphi inkinga.

(18) Ukuqina kokuqina kwempahla kagesi kuyogadwa ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zomjikelezo noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okukhulu nokuncane.

kwemishini.Uma izinkinga zitholakala, izimbangela zizohlaziywa futhi zisingathwe ngesikhathi.

(19) Ukubekwa phansi kwempahla kagesi enamandla amakhulu kanye nokumelana nokubeka phansi kwegridi ephansi kuyokwenziwa Impahla.

Umnyango ngokuhambisana neKhodi Yokunikezela kanye Nokuhlolwa Kokuvimbela Izisetshenziswa zikagesi, kanye nokubekwa phansi kwemishini kagesi ene-voltage ephansi.

izoqhutshwa umnyango ongaphansi kwamandla emishini.

20

ukugelezela emhlabathini ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ephansi uma kwenzeka isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi nangaphandle sedivayisi ephansi.I-current izonqunywa

ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza ephezulu yohlelo ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyi-10 yokuthuthuka, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwesekethe emfushane phakathi

amaphoyinti aphansi angathathi hlangothi ohlelweni kanye nendawo ehlukanisiwe yesekethe yesifunda esifushane kumqhubi wombani kuzocatshangelwa.

Imishini elandelayo kufanele imiswe phansi

(1) Ikhoyili yesibili ye-transformer yamanje.

(2) Ukuvaleka kwamabhodi okusabalalisa kanye namaphaneli okulawula.

(3) Isivalo senjini.

(4) Igobolondo lebhokisi elihlangene lekhebula kanye nomgodla wensimbi wekhebula.

(5) Isisekelo sensimbi noma indlu yeswishi kanye nomshini wayo wokudlulisela.

(6) Isisekelo sensimbi se-high-voltage insulator kanye ne-bushing.

(7) Amapayipi ensimbi okufaka izintambo zasendlini nangaphandle.

(8) Itheminali yokumisa imitha yamamitha.

(9) Izivalo zezinto zikagesi nezokukhanyisa.

(10) Uhlaka lwensimbi lwamathuluzi okusabalalisa amandla angaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nesithiyo sensimbi sezingxenye ezibukhoma.

Izidingo ezifanele zokumisa imoto

(1) I-motor grounding wire kufanele ixhunywe negridi yaphansi yesitshalo sonke ngensimbi eyisicaba.Uma ikude nendawo ephansi

ulayini noma ucingo lwensimbi oluyisicaba luhlelwe ukuthi lube nomthelela ebuhleni bendawo, umzimba ophansi wemvelo kufanele usetshenziswe kuze kube

kungenzeka, noma ucingo lwethusi oluyisicaba kufanele lusetshenziswe njengocingo oluphansi.

(2) Kumamotho anezikulufu zokubeka phansi kugobolondo, intambo yaphansi kufanele ixhunywe nesikulufu sokubeka phansi.

(3) Kumamotho angenazo izikulufu zokubeka phansi egobolondweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufakwe izikulufu zokubeka phansi ezindaweni ezifanele egobolondweni lemoto ukuze

xhuma ngentambo yaphansi.

(4) Igobolondo lemoto elithinta ugesi okuthembekile nesisekelo esiphansi angeke limiswe phansi, futhi intambo yaphansi kufanele ihlelwe.

ngobunono nangobuhle.

Izidingo ezifanele zokubekwa phansi kwebhodi lokushintsha

(1) Intambo yaphansi yebhodi lokusabalalisa kufanele ixhunywe negridi yaphansi yesitshalo sonke ngensimbi eyisicaba.Uma kukude

umugqa oyinhloko ophansi noma isakhiwo socingo lwensimbi oluyisicaba luthinta ubuhle bendawo, umzimba ophansi wemvelo kufanele

isetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ucingo lwethusi oluthambile kufanele lusetshenziswe njengocingo oluphansi.

(2) Uma ikhondakta yethusi engenalutho isetshenziswa njengocingo oluphansi lwebhodi lokushintsha amandla kagesi aphansi, isigaba akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-6mm2, futhi uma

kusetshenziswe ucingo lwethusi oluhlanganisiwe, isigaba akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-4mm2.

(3) Ebhodini lokusabalalisa elinesikulufu sokubeka phansi egobolondweni, intambo yaphansi kufanele ixhunywe nesikulufu sokubeka phansi.

(4) Ebhodini lokusabalalisa ngaphandle kwesikulufu sokubeka phansi egobolondweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufakwe isikulufu sokubeka phansi endaweni efanele

igobolondo lebhodi lokusabalalisa ukuze lixhumane nomugqa wesigaba sokuphansi.

(5) Igobolondo lebhodi lokusabalalisa elinokuxhumana ngogesi okuthembekile nomzimba ophansi lingasuswa.

Indlela yokuhlola neyokulinganisa yocingo oluphansi

(1) Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ibanga lokuphepha elanele lizogcinwa emishinini ehloliwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthintana ngengozi nezingxenye eziphilayo nezijikelezayo,

futhi ukuhlolwa kuyokwenziwa abantu ababili.

(2) Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, khetha igiya lokumelana le-multimeter, finyeza ama-probe amabili e-multimeter, kanye negiya lokumelana lokulinganiswa.

imitha ibonisa u-0.

(3) Xhuma ingxenye eyodwa ye-probe ocingweni lwaphansi kanye nolunye uhlangothi endaweni ekhethekile yokumisa imishini.

(4) Uma impahla ehloliwe ingenayo indawo eyisipesheli, enye ingxenye yophenyo izokalwa endaweni ebiyelwe noma

ingxenye yensimbi yezinto zikagesi.

(5) Igridi eyisisekelo noma ukuxhuma okuthembekile negridi enkulu yokubeka phansi kufanele kukhethwe njengendawo yokugcina phansi, futhi

i-oxide engaphezulu kufanele isuswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okuhle.

(6) Inani lizofundwa ngemva kokuba inkomba yemitha izinzile, futhi inani lokumelana nesisekelo kufanele lihambisane nemithethonqubo.