Lobu buchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buwine Umklomelo We-2022 EU Best Innovation Award, oshibhe izikhathi ezingama-40 kunebhethri le-lithium-ion.

Isitoreji samandla ashisayo sisebenzisa i-silicon ne-ferrosilicon njengoba isisetshenziswa singagcina amandla ngenani elingaphansi kwama-euro angu-4 nge-kilowatt-hora, okuyizikhathi eziyi-100.

ishibhile kunebhethri ye-lithium-ion engashintshi yamanje.Ngemuva kokwengeza ungqimba lwesitsha kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation, izindleko eziphelele zingaba cishe ama-euro ayi-10 ngehora ngalinye le-kilowatt,

eshibhe kakhulu kunebhethri ye-lithium yama-euro angama-400 nge-kilowatt-hora.

Ukuthuthukisa amandla avuselelekayo, ukwakha izinhlelo ezintsha zamandla kanye nokusekela ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyisithiyo okufanele sinqotshwe.

Imvelo engaphandle kwebhokisi kagesi kanye nokuguquguquka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo okufana ne-photovoltaic namandla omoya kwenza ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo

kagesi ngezinye izikhathi ayifani.Njengamanje, lo mthethonqubo ungalungiswa ngokuphehla ugesi wamalahle negesi yemvelo noma ugesi wamanzi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzinza.

kanye nokuguquguquka kwamandla.Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, ngokuhoxiswa kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokwanda kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukugcinwa kwamandla okushibhile nokusebenza kahle.

ukumisa kuyisihluthulelo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla buhlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko endaweni yokugcina amandla ngokomzimba, isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical, isitoreji samandla ashisayo kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwamakhemikhali.

Okufana nemishini yokugcina amandla kanye nesitoreji esimpontshwayo kungokwezobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla.Le ndlela yokugcina amandla inenani eliphansi futhi

ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu, kodwa iphrojekthi inkulu kakhulu, ivinjelwa indawo yendawo, futhi isikhathi sokwakha side kakhulu.Kunzima uku

zijwayelane nesidingo sokushefa esiphezulu samandla avuselelekayo kuphela ngokugcinwa okumpontshwa.

Njengamanje, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical kuyathandwa, futhi kuwubuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla obukhula ngokushesha emhlabeni.Amandla kagesi

isitoreji sisekelwe ikakhulukazi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji samandla amasha emhlabeni usudlule izigidi ezingama-25.

kilowatts, lapho ingxenye yemakethe yamabhethri e-lithium-ion ifinyelele ku-90%.Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezimoto zikagesi, okunikeza a

isimo sokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano esikhulu sokugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical okusekelwe kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion, njengohlobo lwebhethri yemoto, akuyona inkinga enkulu, kodwa kuzoba nezinkinga eziningi uma kuziwa

ukusekela ukugcinwa kwamandla kwesikhathi eside kwezinga legridi.Enye inkinga yokuphepha nezindleko.Uma amabhethri e-lithium ion enqwabelene ngezinga elikhulu, izindleko zizophindaphindeka,

nokuphepha okubangelwa ukunqwabelana kokushisa nakho kuyingozi enkulu efihliwe.Okunye ukuthi izinsiza ze-lithium zilinganiselwe kakhulu, futhi izimoto zikagesi azanele,

futhi isidingo sokugcina amandla isikhathi eside asinakuhlangabezwa.

Indlela yokuxazulula lezi zinkinga ezingokoqobo neziphuthumayo?Manje ososayensi abaningi bagxile kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ashisayo.Intuthuko yenziwe ngaphakathi

ubuchwepheshe obufanele kanye nocwaningo.

NgoNovemba 2022, i-European Commission yamemezela iphrojekthi yokuwina imiklomelo ye-"EU 2022 Innovation Radar Award", lapho "AMADEUS"

iphrojekthi yebhethri eyakhiwe yiqembu le-Madrid Institute of Technology eSpain iwine Umklomelo We-EU Ongcono Kakhulu Wokusungula ngo-2022.

I-"Amadeus" iyimodeli yebhethri eguquguqukayo.Le phrojekthi, ehlose ukugcina inani elikhulu lamandla avela kumandla avuselelekayo, yakhethwa ngabaseYurophu

Ikhomishini njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu eziqanjiwe ngo-2022.

Lolu hlobo lwebhethri oluklanywe ithimba lososayensi base-Spain lugcina amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa lapho amandla elanga noma omoya ephezulu ngendlela yamandla ashisayo.

Lokhu kushisa kusetshenziselwa ukushisa into (i-silicon alloy ifundwa kule phrojekthi) ibe ngaphezu kuka-1000 degrees Celsius.Uhlelo luqukethe isitsha esikhethekile ne

ipuleti le-photovoltaic elishisayo elibheke ngaphakathi, elingakhulula ingxenye yamandla agciniwe lapho isidingo samandla siphezulu.

Abacwaningi basebenzisa isifaniso ukuze bachaze le nqubo: “Kufana nokufaka ilanga ebhokisini.”Uhlelo lwabo lungase luguqule ukugcinwa kwamandla.Inamandla amakhulu oku

ukufeza lo mgomo futhi isibe yisici esibalulekile ekubhekaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okwenza iphrojekthi ye-“Amadeus” igqame kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-300 athunyelwe

futhi yazuza indondo ye-EU Best Innovation Award.

Umhleli we-EU Innovation Radar Award wachaza: “Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi inikeza uhlelo olushibhile olungagcina inani elikhulu lamandla

isikhathi eside.Inomthamo omkhulu wamandla, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi isebenzisa izinto ezanele nezingabizi kakhulu.Kuyisistimu ye-modular, esetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi inganikeza

ukushisa okuhlanzekile nogesi uma kudingeka.”

Ngakho-ke, lobu buchwepheshe busebenza kanjani?Yiziphi izimo zohlelo lokusebenza lwesikhathi esizayo kanye namathemba okuthengisa?

Ukukubeka kalula, lolu hlelo lusebenzisa amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa amandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile (njengamandla elanga noma amandla omoya) ukuze ancibilikise izinsimbi ezishibhile,

njenge-silicon noma i-ferrosilicon, futhi izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-1000 ℃.I-silicon alloy ingagcina inani elikhulu lamandla enqubweni yayo yokuhlanganisa.

Lolu hlobo lwamandla lubizwa ngokuthi “ukushisa okucashile”.Isibonelo, ilitha le-silicon (cishe u-2.5 kg) ligcina amandla angaphezu kwe-kilowatt-hora elingu-1 (ihora eli-1) ngendlela.

wokushisa okucashile, okungamandla aqukethwe ilitha le-hydrogen ku-500 bar pressure.Nokho, ngokungafani ne-hydrogen, i-silicon ingagcinwa ngaphansi komkhathi

ukucindezela, okwenza uhlelo lushibhile futhi luphephe.

Isihluthulelo sesistimu indlela yokuguqula ukushisa okugciniwe kube amandla kagesi.Uma i-silicon incibilika ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-1000 º C, ikhanya njengelanga.

Ngakho-ke, amaseli e-photovoltaic angasetshenziswa ukuguqula ukushisa okukhazimulayo kube amandla kagesi.

I-generator ebizwa ngokuthi i-thermal photovoltaic generator ifana nedivayisi encane ye-photovoltaic, engakhiqiza amandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-100 kunezitshalo zamandla elanga zendabuko.

Ngamanye amazwi, uma imitha yesikwele esisodwa samapaneli elanga akhiqiza ama-watts angu-200, imitha yesikwele esisodwa samaphaneli e-photovoltaic ashisayo azokhiqiza ama-kilowatts angu-20.Futhi hhayi kuphela

amandla, kodwa futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuphezulu.Ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli e-photovoltaic ashisayo kuphakathi kuka-30% no-40%, okuncike ekushiseni

yomthombo wokushisa.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli welanga we-photovoltaic wezohwebo kuphakathi kuka-15% no-20%.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamajeneretha e-photovoltaic ashisayo esikhundleni sezinjini ezishisayo zendabuko kugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezihambayo, uketshezi kanye nezishintshi zokushisa eziyinkimbinkimbi.Ngale ndlela,

lonke uhlelo lungaba ukonga, luhlangene futhi lungabi namsindo.

Ngokusho kocwaningo, amaseli e-photovoltaic ashisayo angagcina inani elikhulu lamandla avuselelekayo asele.

U-Alejandro Data, umcwaningi owayehola lo msebenzi, uthe: “Ingxenye enkulu yala gesi izophehlwa uma kunensada yokuphehlwa kwamandla omoya nomoya,

ngakho-ke izothengiswa ngentengo ephansi kakhulu emakethe kagesi.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina logesi owalayo ohlelweni olushibhile kakhulu.Kubaluleke kakhulu uku

gcina ugesi osele endaweni yokushisa, ngoba kungenye yezindlela ezishibhile zokugcina amandla.”

2. Ishibhe izikhathi ezingama-40 kunebhethri ye-lithium-ion

Ikakhulukazi, i-silicon ne-ferrosilicon ingagcina amandla ngezindleko ezingaphansi kwama-euro angu-4 nge-kilowatt-hora, eshibhe izikhathi eziyi-100 kune-lithium-ion emisiwe yamanje.

ibhethri.Ngemva kokwengeza isiqukathi nosendlalelo sokufakwa, izindleko eziphelele zizoba phezulu.Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kocwaningo, uma uhlelo lukhulu ngokwanele, ngokuvamile luningi

kunamahora we-10 megawatt, cishe izofinyelela izindleko ezingaba yi-10 euro ngehora le-kilowatt ngehora, ngoba izindleko zokufakwa kwe-thermal ziyoba yingxenye encane yengqikithi.

izindleko zesistimu.Kodwa-ke, izindleko zebhethri ye-lithium zingama-euro angama-400 nge-kilowatt-hora.

Inkinga eyodwa lolu hlelo ebhekene nayo ukuthi ingxenye encane kuphela yokushisa okugciniwe iguqulwa ibuyele kugesi.Kuyini ukusebenza kahle kokuguqula kule nqubo?Kwenziwa kanjani

sebenzisa amandla okushisa asele kuyinkinga eyinhloko.

Nokho, abacwaningi baleli qembu bakholelwa ukuthi lezi akuzona izinkinga.Uma uhlelo lushibhile ngokwanele, kuphela u-30-40% wamandla odinga ukutholwa ngendlela

ugesi, okuzobenza babe phezulu kunobunye ubuchwepheshe obubiza kakhulu, njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-60-70% esele yokushisa engaguqulwa ibe ugesi ingadluliselwa ngqo ezakhiweni, izimboni noma amadolobha ukuze kuncishiswe amalahle kanye nemvelo.

ukusetshenziswa kwegesi.

Ukushisa kubala ngaphezu kuka-50% wesidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke kanye no-40% wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioxide emhlabeni.Ngale ndlela, ukugcina umoya noma amandla e-photovoltaic ku-latent

amaseli we-photovoltaic ashisayo akakwazi nje ukulondoloza izindleko eziningi, kodwa futhi ahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu sokushisa semakethe ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo.

3. Izinselele namathemba esikhathi esizayo

Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-thermal photovoltaic thermal storage obuklanywe ithimba le-Madrid University of Technology, esebenzisa izinto ze-silicon alloy,

izinzuzo zezindleko zempahla, izinga lokushisa elishisayo lokugcina kanye nesikhathi sokugcina amandla.I-silicon iyisici sesibili esigcwele kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba.Izindleko

ngethani lesihlabathi se-silica singamadola angama-30-50 kuphela, okuyi-1/10 yezinto zikasawoti ezincibilikisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko wokushisa wesitoreji esishisayo sesihlabathi se-silica

izinhlayiya ziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo zikasawoti oncibilikisiwe, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza lingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-1000 ℃.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza futhi

isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla jikelele kwesistimu yokuphehla amandla e-photothermal.

Ithimba likaDatus akulona kuphela elibona amandla amaseli e-photovoltaic ashisayo.Banezimbangi ezimbili ezinamandla: iMassachusetts Institute of

Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuqala kweCalifornia i-Atola Energy.Lokhu kokugcina kugxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri amakhulu asetshenziswa embonini esindayo (enkulu

umthengi kaphethiloli), futhi wathola ama-US $50 wezigidi ukuze aqedele ucwaningo ngoFebhuwari kulo nyaka.Isikhwama sikaBill Gates sikaBreakthrough Energy sinikeze okunye

izimali zokutshala izimali.

Abacwaningi e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology bathi imodeli yabo ye-photovoltaic cell eshisayo ikwazile ukusebenzisa kabusha u-40% wamandla asetshenziselwa ukushisa.

izinto zangaphakathi zebhethri lesibonelo.Bachaza: “Lokhu kudala indlela yokusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa kwamandla ashisayo,

okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhipha ikhabhoni kugridi yamandla.”

Iphrojekthi ye-Madrid Institute of Technology ayikwazanga ukukala amaphesenti wamandla engawathola, kodwa iphakeme kunemodeli yaseMelika.

esicini esisodwa.U-Alejandro Data, umcwaningi owayehola lo msebenzi, wachaza: “Ukuze kufezwe lokhu kusebenza kahle, iphrojekthi ye-MIT kumele inyuse izinga lokushisa ukuze

2400 degrees.Ibhethri lethu lisebenza ku-1200 degrees.Kuleli zinga lokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kuzoba ngaphansi kunezabo, kodwa sinezinkinga zokufaka ukushisa okuncane kakhulu.

Phela, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina izinto ku-2400 degrees ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukushisa. "

Yiqiniso, lobu buchwepheshe busadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi ngaphambi kokungena emakethe.I-prototype yamanje yaselabhorethri ingaphansi kwe-1 kWh yokugcina amandla

umthamo, kodwa ukwenza lobu buchwepheshe bube nenzuzo, budinga ngaphezu kuka-10 MWh womthamo wokugcina amandla.Ngakho-ke, inselele elandelayo ukukhulisa isikali se

ubuchwepheshe futhi uhlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ngezinga elikhulu.Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, abacwaningi abavela eMadrid Institute of Technology bebelokhu bakha amaqembu

ukwenza kwenzeke.